Insights into Dyslexia Genetics Research from the Last Two Decades.

Insights into Dyslexia Genetics Research from the Last Two Decades.
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近二十年来对阅读障碍遗传学研究的洞察。

DOI:
10.3390/brainsci12010027
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发表时间:
2021-12-26
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Paracchini S
Paracchini S
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Erbeli F;Rice M;Paracchini S

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阅读障碍是一种特殊的阅读障碍,是一种常见的(高达10%的儿童)和高度遗传性(约70%)的神经发育障碍。行为和分子遗传学方法旨在剖析其重要的遗传成分。在拟议的综述中,我们将总结过去20年来双胞胎和分子遗传学研究的进展。首先,我们将简要概述阅读障碍的临床和教育表现以及流行病学。接下来,我们将总结双胞胎研究的结果,然后是分子遗传学研究(例如,全基因组关联研究(GWASs))。特别是,我们将强调从基因研究中汇聚的关键见解。(1)阅读障碍是一种高度多基因的神经发育障碍,具有复杂的遗传结构。(2)阅读障碍类别在遗传学上有很大的共同比例,阅读技能的测量持续分布,在发育过程中也可以看到共同的遗传风险。(3)阅读障碍的遗传风险与许多其他神经发育障碍(如发育性语言障碍和计算障碍)有关。最后,我们将讨论其影响和未来的方向。随着基因研究的多样性通过国际合作努力不断增加,我们将强调这一领域遗传学发现进展中的挑战。
Dyslexia, a specific reading disability, is a common (up to 10% of children) and highly heritable (~70%) neurodevelopmental disorder. Behavioral and molecular genetic approaches are aimed towards dissecting its significant genetic component. In the proposed review, we will summarize advances in twin and molecular genetic research from the past 20 years. First, we will briefly outline the clinical and educational presentation and epidemiology of dyslexia. Next, we will summarize results from twin studies, followed by molecular genetic research (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWASs)). In particular, we will highlight converging key insights from genetic research. (1) Dyslexia is a highly polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic architecture. (2) Dyslexia categories share a large proportion of genetics with continuously distributed measures of reading skills, with shared genetic risks also seen across development. (3) Dyslexia genetic risks are shared with those implicated in many other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., developmental language disorder and dyscalculia). Finally, we will discuss the implications and future directions. As the diversity of genetic studies continues to increase through international collaborate efforts, we will highlight the challenges in advances of genetics discoveries in this field.
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