A research perspective towards a more complete biodiversity footprint: a report from the World Biodiversity Forum

A research perspective towards a more complete biodiversity footprint: a report from the World Biodiversity Forum
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更完整的生物多样性足迹的研究视角:世界生物多样性论坛的报告

DOI:
10.1007/s11367-020-01846-1
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Marques A
Marques A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marques A

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人类活动对生物多样性的影响正日益危及大自然支持人类福祉的能力(IPBES 2019)。最近的《生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间平台全球评估》(IPBES)重申了土地和海洋利用变化、开发、气候变化、污染和外来入侵物种的引入是生物多样性丧失和生态系统退化的主要直接驱动因素的重要性(Díaz et al. 2019)。该评估还强调需要解决生物多样性丧失的间接驱动因素,例如不可持续的生产和消费模式(IPBES 2019)。认识到了解产品和供应链对生物多样性影响的重要性,生命周期评估(LCA)界一直致力于改善生物多样性如何纳入LCA。迄今为止,很少有考虑生物多样性影响的业务生命周期影响评估(LCIA)方法存在(Crenna et al. 2020)。然而,越来越多的私营和公共行为者正在要求适当的方法、模型和指标来执行产品的生物多样性足迹。在欧盟层面,最近在生物多样性战略(EC 2020a)中加强了这一需求,将环境足迹作为支持评估商业活动和供应链对生物多样性影响的一种方法。
The impact of human activities on biodiversity is increasingly putting at risk the capacity of nature to support human well-being (IPBES 2019). The recent Global Assessment of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) reiterated the importance of land-and sea-use changes, exploitation, climate change, pollution, and the introduction of invasive alien species as the major direct drivers of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation (Díaz et al. 2019). This assessment also highlighted the need to address the indirect drivers of biodiversity loss, such as unsustainable patterns of production and consumption (IPBES 2019). Acknowledging the importance of understanding the biodiversity impacts of products and supply chains, the life cycle assessment (LCA) community has been devoted to improving how biodiversity is incorporated in LCA. To date, few operational life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods exist that account for biodiversity impacts (Crenna et al. 2020). However, more and more private and public actors are asking for appropriate methods, models, and indicators to perform biodiversity footprint of products. At EU level, this need has been recently reinforced in the biodiversity strategy (EC 2020a) by the inclusion of environmental footprint as an approach to support the assessment of biodiversity impacts due to business activities and supply chains.
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