Three-year-olds' comprehension of contrastive and descriptive adjectives: Evidence for contrastive inference
Three-year-olds' comprehension of contrastive and descriptive adjectives: Evidence for contrastive inference
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三岁儿童对对比和描述性形容词的理解：对比推理的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104707
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Arunachalam, Sudha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, Catherine;Lingwood, Jamie;Ivanova, Bissera;Arunachalam, Sudha
将形容词的信息与其修饰的名词结合起来对于理解至关重要。先前的研究表明，学龄前儿童并不总是整合形容词和名词，而在处理指称表达时可能会过度依赖名词信息（Fernald、Thorpe 和 Marchman，2010；Thorpe、Baumgartner 和 Fernald，2006）。这种脱节的处理对语用学有影响，显然会阻止五岁以下儿童进行对比推理（Huang & Snedeker，2013）。通过一项新颖的实验设计，让学龄前儿童有时间展示他们在形容词-名词整合和对比推理方面的能力，两个视觉世界实验研究了英语三岁儿童（N = 73，Mage = 44 个月）如何处理大小形容词句法的 （名词前；后名词）和语用（描述性；对比）语境。我们表明，在各种语用和句法语境中以及存在多个干扰因素的情况下，学龄前儿童能够整合形容词和名词，以在指称表达结束时准确地解析指称。我们首次揭示，在呈现速度减慢和视觉上显着的尺寸对比的情况下，他们可以进行对比推断。我们的研究结果为语用技能发展的连续性提供了证据，而语用技能似乎与儿童的语言熟练程度或处理速度无关。
Combining information from adjectives with the nouns they modify is essential for comprehension. Previous research suggests that preschoolers do not always integrate adjectives and nouns, and may instead over-rely on noun information when processing referring expressions (Fernald, Thorpe, & Marchman, 2010; Thorpe, Baumgartner, & Fernald, 2006). This disjointed processing has implications for pragmatics, apparently preventing under-fives from making contrastive inferences (Huang & Snedeker, 2013).Using a novel experimental design that allows preschoolers time to demonstrate their abilities in adjective-noun integration and in contrastive inference, two visual world experiments investigate how English-speaking three-year-olds (N= 73, Mage= 44 months) process size adjectives across syntactic (prenominal; postnominal) and pragmatic (descriptive; contrastive) contexts.We show that preschoolers are able to integrate adjectives and nouns to resolve reference accurately by the end of the referring expression, in a variety of pragmatic and syntactic contexts and in the presence of multiple distractors. We reveal for the first time that they can contrastively infer, given a slowed speed of presentation and visually salient size contrasts. Our findings provide evidence for a continuity in the development of pragmatic skills, which do not appear to be linked to children's language proficiency or speed of processing.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Rubio-Fernández P
通讯作者：
Rubio-Fernández P
让我看看实用主义的贡献：对比推理的发展研究*
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Edmundo Kronmüller;T. Morisseau;I. Noveck
通讯作者：
I. Noveck
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Barr, Dale J.
通讯作者：
Barr, Dale J.
形容词
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
The Mende Language
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. W. Migeod
通讯作者：
F. W. Migeod
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
S. Waxman;Amy E Booth
通讯作者：
Amy E Booth