Domestication of self-splicing introns during eukaryogenesis: the rise of the complex spliceosomal machinery.
Domestication of self-splicing introns during eukaryogenesis: the rise of the complex spliceosomal machinery.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13062-017-0201-6
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Snel B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vosseberg J;Snel B
剪接体是一种真核生物特异性复合物，对于从前体mRNA中去除内含子是必不可少的。它由五种小的核RNA（snRNA）和一百多种蛋白质组成，使其成为最复杂的分子机器之一。这种复杂性大部分出现在真核发生期间，这一时期的特征是细胞和基因组复杂性急剧增加。虽然还没有完全解决，但最近的发现已经开始阐明剪接体是如何以及为什么起源的。在本文中，我们回顾剪接体是如何进化的，并讨论了它的起源和随后的演变，根据不同的一般假设的复杂性的演变。比较分析已经确定，这种核糖核蛋白（RNP）复合物的催化核心，以及spliceosomal内含子，从自我剪接II组内含子。大多数snRNA从内含子片段进化而来，并且必需的Prp8蛋白起源于由II组内含子编码的蛋白。在其他RNA过程中起作用的蛋白质被添加到这个核心中，这些蛋白质的大量复制大大增加了真核生物多样化之前剪接体的复杂性。剪接机制在动物和植物中变得更加复杂，但在具有流线型基因组的真核生物中被简化了。显然，剪接体的复杂性不是逐渐进化的，而是以快速爆发的方式进化的，随后是停滞甚至简化。我们认为，虽然适应性和中性进化都参与了剪接体的进化，特别是后者是负责出现一个非常复杂的真核剪接机器从简单的自我剪接序列。这篇文章由W.福特杜利特尔、尤金·V·库宁和维韦克·阿南塔拉曼。
The spliceosome is a eukaryote-specific complex that is essential for the removal of introns from pre-mRNA. It consists of five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and over a hundred proteins, making it one of the most complex molecular machineries. Most of this complexity has emerged during eukaryogenesis, a period that is characterised by a drastic increase in cellular and genomic complexity. Although not fully resolved, recent findings have started to shed some light on how and why the spliceosome originated. In this paper we review how the spliceosome has evolved and discuss its origin and subsequent evolution in light of different general hypotheses on the evolution of complexity. Comparative analyses have established that the catalytic core of this ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, as well as the spliceosomal introns, evolved from self-splicing group II introns. Most snRNAs evolved from intron fragments and the essential Prp8 protein originated from the protein that is encoded by group II introns. Proteins that functioned in other RNA processes were added to this core and extensive duplications of these proteins substantially increased the complexity of the spliceosome prior to the eukaryotic diversification. The splicing machinery became even more complex in animals and plants, yet was simplified in eukaryotes with streamlined genomes. Apparently, the spliceosome did not evolve its complexity gradually, but in rapid bursts, followed by stagnation or even simplification. We argue that although both adaptive and neutral evolution have been involved in the evolution of the spliceosome, especially the latter was responsible for the emergence of an enormously complex eukaryotic splicing machinery from simple self-splicing sequences. This article was reviewed by W. Ford Doolittle, Eugene V. Koonin and Vivek Anantharaman.
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