New-to-nature chemistry from old protein machinery: carbene and nitrene transferases.

New-to-nature chemistry from old protein machinery: carbene and nitrene transferases.
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从旧的蛋白质机械到自然的新化学:碳烯和亚硝基转移酶。

DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.005
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发表时间:
2021-06
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
Arnold FH
Arnold FH
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Z;Arnold FH

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血红素蛋白催化的卡宾和氮宾转化已成为构建复杂分子的强大工具;它们还很好地说明了新的蛋白质催化剂如何出现、进化和多样化。这些实验室发明的酶利用蛋白质驯服高反应性卡宾和氮宾物种的能力,并以高选择性指导它们的命运。全新的卡宾和氮宾转移酶可催化许多有用的反应,包括一些使用化学方法没有先例的反应。在这里,我们介绍了该领域的最新进展,包括炔烃环丙烷化、芳烃环丙烷化、卡宾C-H插入、分子内氮烯C-H插入、烯烃氨基羟基化和伯胺化。对于此类转化,生物催化剂在选择性和催化剂周转率方面已经超过了已报道的小分子催化剂的性能。最后,我们提出了在化学合成中使用这些新的酶反应、将它们整合到生物途径和化学酶级联中以及它们当前的局限性的想法。
Hemoprotein-catalyzed carbene and nitrene transformations have emerged as powerful tools for constructing complex molecules; they also nicely illustrate how new protein catalysts can emerge, evolve and diversify. These laboratory-invented enzymes exploit the ability of proteins to tame highly reactive carbene and nitrene species and direct their fates with high selectivity. New-to-nature carbene and nitrene transferases catalyze many useful reactions, including some that have no precedent using chemical methods. Here we cover recent advances in this field, including alkyne cyclopropenation, arene cyclopropanation, carbene C–H insertion, intramolecular nitrene C–H insertion, alkene aminohydroxylation, and primary amination. For such transformations, biocatalysts have exceeded the performance of reported small-molecule catalysts in terms of selectivity and catalyst turnovers. Finally, we offer our thoughts on using these new enzymatic reactions in chemical synthesis, integrating them into biological pathways and chemo-enzymatic cascades, and on their current limitations.
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