A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes.
A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes.
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新的鸸鹋基因组阐明了鸟类染色体基因组结构和核结构的进化
DOI：
10.1101/gr.271569.120
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Zhou Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu J;Wang Z;Li J;Xu L;Liu J;Feng S;Guo C;Chen S;Ren Z;Rao J;Wei K;Chen Y;Jarvis ED;Zhang G;Zhou Q
鸸鹋和其他平胸类在重建祖先鸟类或脊椎动物核型进化方面比任何其他鸟类都更有信息量，因为它们的基因组进化速度要慢得多。在这里，我们产生了一个新的染色体水平的基因组组装的雌性鸸鹋，并估计染色体进化的克里思在主要的鸟类系统发育分支，通过比较它的染色体水平的基因组组装的11个其他鸟类和一个海龟物种。我们发现平胸类在鸟类中表现出最低数量的染色体内和染色体间的变化，因为它们与海龟的分歧。小尺寸和基因丰富的鸸鹋微染色体有频繁的染色体间的接触，与管家基因，这似乎是由他们的着丝粒在核内部的集群驱动，远离在核周边的大染色体。与非平胸类鸟类不同，鸸鹋的W染色体只有不到三分之一的区域失去了同源重组，并在两性之间分化。鸸鹋W被划分为一个高度异染色质区域（WS0）和另一个最近进化的区域（WS1），与Z染色体只有中度序列差异。WS1扩大了其非活性染色质区室，增加了区域内的染色质接触，并减少了与附近区域的接触，这可能是受WS0异染色质扩散的影响。这些模式表明，染色质构象的改变包括性染色体进化的重要早期步骤。总体而言，我们的结果为三维空间中鸟类基因组结构和性染色体的进化提供了新的见解。
Emu and other ratites are more informative than any other birds in reconstructing the evolution of the ancestral avian or vertebrate karyotype because of their much slower rate of genome evolution. Here, we generated a new chromosome-level genome assembly of a female emu, and estimated the tempo of chromosome evolution across major avian phylogenetic branches, by comparing it to chromosome-level genome assemblies of 11 other bird and one turtle species. We found ratites exhibited the lowest numbers of intra- and inter-chromosomal changes among birds since their divergence with turtles. The small-sized and gene-rich emu microchromosomes have frequent inter-chromosomal contacts that are associated with housekeeping genes, which appears to be driven by clustering their centromeres in the nuclear interior, away from the macrochromosomes in the nuclear periphery. Unlike nonratite birds, only less than one-third of the emu W Chromosome regions have lost homologous recombination and diverged between the sexes. The emu W is demarcated into a highly heterochromatic region (WS0) and another recently evolved region (WS1) with only moderate sequence divergence with the Z Chromosome. WS1 has expanded its inactive chromatin compartment, increased chromatin contacts within the region, and decreased contacts with the nearby regions, possibly influenced by the spreading of heterochromatin from WS0. These patterns suggest that alteration of chromatin conformation comprises an important early step of sex chromosome evolution. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the evolution of avian genome structure and sex chromosomes in three-dimensional space.
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影响因子：
7.5
作者：
Cremer, Thomas;Cremer, Marion;Fakan, Stanislav
通讯作者：
Fakan, Stanislav
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Bao W;Kojima KK;Kohany O
通讯作者：
Kohany O
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.145.6.1119
发表时间：
1999-06-14
期刊：
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Croft JA;Bridger JM;Boyle S;Perry P;Teague P;Bickmore WA
通讯作者：
Bickmore WA
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Griffin, D. K.;Robertson, L. B. W.;Skinner, B. M.
通讯作者：
Skinner, B. M.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Falk, Martin;Feodorova, Yana;Mirny, Leonid A.
通讯作者：
Mirny, Leonid A.