Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom.
Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00769.x
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Peccia J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qian J;Hospodsky D;Yamamoto N;Nazaroff WW;Peccia J
人们对人类居住作为室内生物气溶胶来源的作用知之甚少。在有人和无人的情况下，对室内空气中总颗粒物和生物颗粒物的尺寸分辨浓度进行了量化。通过质量平衡建模方法估算每位居住者的排放率，并通过 rDNA 基因序列分析确定居住期间室内和室外空气的微生物多样性。与空置情况相比，在占用期间观察到总颗粒质量和细菌基因组浓度显着增加。这些增加的幅度随颗粒大小的变化而变化，总质量的增加范围为 3 至 68 倍，细菌基因组的增加范围为 12-2700 倍，真菌基因组的增加范围为 1.5-5.2 倍。由于占用而造成的每人每小时排放率分别为 31 毫克、总颗粒质量、细菌和真菌的 37 × 106 基因组拷贝和 7.3 × 106 基因组拷贝。在细菌排放物中，约 18% 来自与人类皮肤微生物组密切相关的类群。该分析提供了这些生物颗粒的尺寸分辨的每人小时排放率，并说明了在有人居住的房间中导致暴露于与先前或当前人类居住者相关的细菌的程度。这里介绍的是对常见室内空间的细菌和真菌基因组的第一个尺寸分辨的每人排放率估计。总颗粒物和细菌尺寸分布之间观察到的显着差异表明，使用总颗粒物作为微生物颗粒替代物的尺寸依赖性气溶胶模型错误地评估了空气传播细菌的命运和人类接触空气细菌的情况。在有人居住的环境中，空气中的颗粒物中的人类微生物群的强烈信号表明，气溶胶途径可能是其他居住者的皮肤、头发、鼻孔和嘴巴散发出的微生物的暴露源。
The role of human occupancy as a source of indoor biological aerosols is poorly understood. Size-resolved concentrations of total and biological particles in indoor air were quantified in a classroom under occupied and vacant conditions. Per-occupant emission rates were estimated through a mass-balance modeling approach, and the microbial diversity of indoor and outdoor air during occupancy was determined via rDNA gene sequence analysis. Significant increases of total particle mass and bacterial genome concentrations were observed during the occupied period compared to the vacant case. These increases varied in magnitude with the particle size and ranged from 3 to 68 times for total mass, 12–2700 times for bacterial genomes, and 1.5–5.2 times for fungal genomes. Emission rates per person-hour because of occupancy were 31 mg, 37 × 106 genome copies, and 7.3 × 106 genome copies for total particle mass, bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Of the bacterial emissions, ∼18% are from taxa that are closely associated with the human skin microbiome. This analysis provides size-resolved, per person-hour emission rates for these biological particles and illustrates the extent to which being in an occupied room results in exposure to bacteria that are associated with previous or current human occupants. Presented here are the first size-resolved, per person emission rate estimates of bacterial and fungal genomes for a common occupied indoor space. The marked differences observed between total particle and bacterial size distributions suggest that size-dependent aerosol models that use total particles as a surrogate for microbial particles incorrectly assess the fate of and human exposure to airborne bacteria. The strong signal of human microbiota in airborne particulate matter in an occupied setting demonstrates that the aerosol route can be a source of exposure to microorganisms emitted from the skin, hair, nostrils, and mouths of other occupants.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Huffman, J. A.;Treutlein, B.;Poeschl, U.
通讯作者：
Poeschl, U.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0608255104
发表时间：
2007-01-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brodie, Eoin L.;DeSantis, Todd Z.;Andersen, Gary L.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Fox, Karen;Castanha, Elisangela;Salzberg, Deborah
通讯作者：
Salzberg, Deborah
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Ferro, AR;Kopperud, RJ;Hildemann, LM
通讯作者：
Hildemann, LM
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Herrera, M. L.;Vallor, A. C.;Wickes, B. L.
通讯作者：
Wickes, B. L.