Using Crisis Theory in Dealing With Severe Mental Illness-A Step Toward Normalization?
Using Crisis Theory in Dealing With Severe Mental Illness-A Step Toward Normalization?
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fsoc.2022.805604
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Weinmann, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumgardt, Johanna;Weinmann, Stefan
对精神痛苦的看法随着时间和文化的不同而不同，例如，关于其起源是社会的还是医学的。这可能是描述性精神病学诊断具有中等可靠性的原因之一。此外，大多数精神病治疗和心理治疗干预的作用机制通常是未知的。因此，即使这些治疗有助于应对精神痛苦，也必须被贴上基本上没有特效性的标签。因此，精神障碍的精神病学概念在精确度方面具有固有的局限性，并包含相当模糊的边界。在这种背景下，许多人质疑目前对精神疾病的诊断和分类过程。然而，许多学者反对在这一背景下讨论的新方法。他们宁愿坚持传统的诊断类别，因此这些类别在心理健康实践和研究中仍然发挥着核心作用。为了更好地理解对传统精神病学概念的坚持，我们更仔细地研究了最广泛采用的传统概念之一-压力-脆弱性模型。这个模式最初是为了解决生物精神病学的一些问题而引入的。然而，它被滥用了，其结果是优先提请注意生物脆弱性，而不是包括社会逆境在内的更广泛的脆弱性因素。因此，在目前的使用中，压力-脆弱性模型只提供了一个模糊的理论来理解心理现象。因此，我们讨论了危机理论作为理解精神痛苦的本质和发展的另一种启发式模型的优势和据称有限的适用性。我们概述了这一理论的问题，特别是在将其应用于严重精神障碍方面。最后，我们认为，由系统方法支持的对危机理论的理解可以应用于大多数类型的严重心理障碍，这意味着这种理解可能会预防或管理心理社会问题精神化的一些负面方面。
The perception of mental distress varies with time and culture, e.g., concerning its origin as either social or medical. This may be one reason for the moderate reliability of descriptive psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of most psychiatric treatments and psychotherapeutic interventions are generally unknown. Thus, these treatments have to be labeled as mostly unspecific even if they help in coping with mental distress. The psychiatric concept of mental disorders therefore has inherent limitations of precision and comprises rather fuzzy boundaries. Against this background, many people question the current process of diagnosing and categorizing mental illnesses. However, many scholars reject new approaches discussed in this context. They rather hold on to traditional diagnostic categories which therefore still play a central role in mental health practice and research and. In order to better understand the adherence to traditional psychiatric concepts, we take a closer look at one of the most widely adopted traditional concepts – the Stress-Vulnerability Model. This model has originally been introduced to tackle some problems of biological psychiatry. However, it has been misapplied with the result of drawing attention preferentially to biological vulnerability instead of a wider array of vulnerability factors including social adversity. Thus, in its current use, the Stress-Vulnerability Model provides only a vague theory for understanding mental phenomena. Therefore, we discuss the advantages and allegedly limited applicability of Crisis Theory as an alternative heuristic model for understanding the nature and development of mental distress. We outline the problems of this theory especially in applying it to severe mental disorders. We finally argue that an understanding of Crisis Theory supported by a systemic approach can be applied to most types of severe psychological disturbances implying that such an understanding may prevent or manage some negative aspects of the psychiatrization of psychosocial problems.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Beeker T;Mills C;Bhugra D;Te Meerman S;Thoma S;Heinze M;von Peter S
通讯作者：
von Peter S
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Allsopp, Kate;Read, John;Kinderrnan, Peter
通讯作者：
Kinderrnan, Peter
影响因子：
1
作者：
Dean, Charles E.
通讯作者：
Dean, Charles E.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb22070.x
发表时间：
1978-06-21
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Engel, G L
通讯作者：
Engel, G L
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Ball, JS;Links, PS;Boydell, KM
通讯作者：
Boydell, KM