Iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid disease after salt iodization: a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai, a coastal area in China.
Iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid disease after salt iodization: a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai, a coastal area in China.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0040718
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ruan Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zou S;Wu F;Guo C;Song J;Huang C;Zhu Z;Yu H;Guo Y;Lu X;Ruan Y
碘不足和碘过量都可能导致甲状腺疾病。中国地区食盐加碘后，8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数尚可。然而，目前尚不清楚上海经济快速发展带来的饮食变化是否影响了全人群的碘营养。[目的]了解上海市普通人群膳食碘摄入量、尿路感染和甲状腺疾病患病率。横断面调查采用分层多阶段抽样方法，调查对象为5~69岁的一般受试者(n = 7,904)和孕妇及哺乳期妇女(n = 各380人)。检测其食盐、饮用水和尿液中的碘含量。每日碘摄入量采用总膳食研究法进行估算。测定血清甲状腺激素浓度和甲状腺相关抗体，并进行甲状腺超声检查。食盐碘中位数为29.5 mg/kg，饮用水碘中位数为12.8微克/L。95.3%的受试者使用加碘食盐，占总膳食碘的63.5%。估计每日碘摄入量为225.96微克。一般受试者尿碘浓度中位数为146.7微克/L；尿碘浓度中位数为146.7微克/L(碘缺乏)占28.6%；尿碘浓度为300微克/L(碘过量)占10.1%。孕妇尿路感染中位数为135.9微克/L，其中尿路感染150微克/L占55.4%。甲状腺结节和亚临床甲减分别占27.44%和9.17%。根据已公布的标准，上海目前的膳食碘摄入量总体上是充足和安全的，但孕妇的摄入量不足。甲状腺结节和亚临床甲状腺功能减退症是最常见的甲状腺疾病。
Both insufficient and excess iodine may produce thyroid disease. After salt iodization in China, the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of children aged 8–10 years appeared adequate. However, it is unknown whether dietary changes due to rapid economic development in Shanghai have affected whole population iodine nutrition. To assess dietary iodine intake, UIC and the prevalence of thyroid disease in the general population of Shanghai. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with general participants aged 5–69 years (n = 7,904) plus pregnant and lactating women (n = 380 each) selected by stratified multistage sampling. The iodine concentrations in their salt, drinking water and urine were measured. Daily iodine intake was estimated using the total diet study approach. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and thyroid-related antibodies were measured and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. The median iodine concentration in salt was 29.5 mg/kg, and 12.8 µg/L in drinking water. Iodized salt, used by 95.3% of participants, contributed 63.5% of total dietary iodine. Estimated daily iodine intake was 225.96 µg. The median UIC of general participants was 146.7 µg/L; UIC <100 µg/L (iodine insufficiency) was seen in 28.6%; UIC >300 µg/L (iodine excess) in 10.1%. Pregnant women had a median UIC of 135.9 µg/L, with UIC <150 µg/L in 55.4%. Thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism were found in 27.44% and 9.17%, respectively. According to published criteria, the current dietary iodine intake in Shanghai was generally sufficient and safe, but insufficient in pregnant women. Thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism were the commonest thyroid diseases identified.
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.1965.03080160054014
发表时间：
1965-01-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
MATOVINOVIC, J;HAYNER, NS;KJELSBERG, MO
通讯作者：
KJELSBERG, MO
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Caldwell, Kathleen L.;Makhmudov, Amir;Wang, Richard Y.
通讯作者：
Wang, Richard Y.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
MORTENSEN, JD;WOOLNER, LB;BENNETT, WA
通讯作者：
BENNETT, WA
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
RALLISON, ML;DOBYNS, BM;TYLER, FH
通讯作者：
TYLER, FH
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
BRANDER, A;VIIKINKOSKI, P;KIVISAARI, L
通讯作者：
KIVISAARI, L