Identification of learning mechanisms in a wild meerkat population.

Identification of learning mechanisms in a wild meerkat population.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0042044
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Thornton A
Thornton A
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hoppitt W;Samson J;Laland KN;Thornton A

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由于缺乏识别自然群体学习机制的方法,关于文化进化起源的激烈争论仍未解决。虽然对圈养动物的实验室实验揭示了许多机制的证据,但这些可能不一定反映自然界中通常发生的过程。我们开发了一种新颖的方法,可以根据与任务的交互和解决任务的模式来确定动物群体中的社会和非社会学习机制。我们用它来分析野生猫鼬(Suricata suricatta)群体在使用新型觅食装置时的学习情况。我们确定了猫鼬觅食行为背后的九个独立的学习过程,在每种情况下精确量化了它们的强度和持续时间,包括局部增强、模仿和迄今为止未被认可的社会学习形式,我们称之为“观察毅力”。我们的分析表明,行为传统稳定性的一个关键因素是特定社会学习效应与广义社会学习效应的高比例。该方法具有广泛的潜力,可以作为一种生态上有效的工具来研究自然动物群体(包括人类)的学习机制。
Vigorous debates as to the evolutionary origins of culture remain unresolved due to an absence of methods for identifying learning mechanisms in natural populations. While laboratory experiments on captive animals have revealed evidence for a number of mechanisms, these may not necessarily reflect the processes typically operating in nature. We developed a novel method that allows social and asocial learning mechanisms to be determined in animal groups from the patterns of interaction with, and solving of, a task. We deployed it to analyse learning in groups of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta) presented with a novel foraging apparatus. We identify nine separate learning processes underlying the meerkats’ foraging behaviour, in each case precisely quantifying their strength and duration, including local enhancement, emulation, and a hitherto unrecognized form of social learning, which we term ‘observational perseverance’. Our analysis suggests a key factor underlying the stability of behavioural traditions is a high ratio of specific to generalized social learning effects. The approach has widespread potential as an ecologically valid tool to investigate learning mechanisms in natural groups of animals, including humans.
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