Racial differences in adolescent distress: Differential effects of the family and community for blacks and whites
Racial differences in adolescent distress: Differential effects of the family and community for blacks and whites
复制标题
青少年困扰的种族差异：家庭和社区对黑人和白人的不同影响
DOI：
10.1002/jcop.20053
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Chalandra M. Bryant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Wickrama;S. Noh;Chalandra M. Bryant
本研究使用来自国家青少年健康纵向研究的 15,885 名青少年样本，检验了 (1) 种族、家庭和社区的独特加性影响，以及 (2) 种族、家庭和社区因素对青少年困扰的各种乘性影响。分析中包括社区贫困和种族构成等社区特征。社区贫困、家庭贫困、单亲家庭、家庭规模和种族/民族都是导致青少年痛苦的独特因素。这些预测变量的加法和乘法影响存在显着的黑白差异。家庭贫困对白人的不利影响比黑人更大。在黑人中，社区贫困对贫困家庭的不利影响比对非贫困家庭的影响更大。相比之下，在白人中，社区逆境对非贫困家庭的不利影响比贫困家庭更大。尽管种族构成对总样本的青少年痛苦没有显着影响，但在控制社区的贫困水平后，它对黑人青少年显示出有益的影响。看来，社区贫困和种族构成通过不同的机制对青少年的痛苦产生不同的影响。了解这些复杂的过程引发了一些有关针对少数群体的计划的实际问题。例如，如果黑人儿童的家庭克服了持续的贫困并搬出不利的社区，他们的生活是否会更好？ © 2005 Wiley periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 261–282, 2005。
Using a sample of 15,885 adolescents derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined (1) unique additive influences of race, family, and community and (2) various multiplicative influences among race, family, and community factors on adolescent distress. Community characteristics such as community poverty and ethnic composition were included in the analysis. Community poverty, family poverty, single parenthood, family size, and race/ethnicity all uniquely contributed to adolescent distress. There were significant black–white differences in additive and multiplicative influences of these predictors. The detrimental influence of family poverty was stronger for whites than for blacks. Among blacks, the detrimental influence of community poverty is greater for poor families than for nonpoor families. In contrast, among whites, the detrimental influence of community adversity is greater for nonpoor families than for poor families. Although ethnic composition had no significant impact on adolescent distress for the total sample, it showed a beneficial effect for black adolescents, after controlling for the poverty levels of the communities. Seemingly, community poverty and ethnic composition influence adolescent distress differently through different mechanisms. Understanding these complex processes raise some practical questions about programs aimed at minorities. For example, do black children fare better if their family overcomes persistent poverty and moves out of adverse communities? © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 261–282, 2005.
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