Estimating Consumers at Risk from Drinking Elevated Lead Concentrations: An Iowa Case Study
Estimating Consumers at Risk from Drinking Elevated Lead Concentrations: An Iowa Case Study
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估计消费者因饮用铅浓度升高而面临的风险：爱荷华州案例研究
DOI：
10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00753
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Latta, Drew E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant, Amina;Scherer, Michelle M.;Land, Danielle;Cwiertny, David M.;Edwards, Marc A.;Mount, Jerry;Latta, Drew E.
铅和铜规则(LCR)通过以公用事业为中心的高风险家庭监测、腐蚀控制和公共教育来解决饮用水中的铅问题。然而，这些以公用事业为中心的活动没有提供关于个人家庭铅浓度的充分信息，并使未知数量的消费者面临饮用水铅的风险。为了评估因饮用铅浓度升高而面临风险的消费者的数量，我们挖掘了爱荷华州为遵守LCR而采集的166,554个铅样本，并开发了一种新的方法来估计处于风险中的消费者的数量。我们估计，爱荷华州每年有65,000±14,000人面临饮用水含铅量超过美国环保局规定的百万分之15(Ppb)的风险。我们进一步探索了不同人口规模的社区水系统(CWSS)的平均家庭抽样率，总体上，爱荷华州社区水系统8.6%的家庭被抽样。我们的估计表明，即使在没有水中铅危机的情况下，也有相当数量的人面临铅浓度超过现有指导方针的风险，这引发了人们对全国饮用水中基线铅浓度严重程度的担忧。我们的分析强调，饮用水政策和避免战略中需要以消费者为中心的铅，以确保公共保护。
The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) addresses lead in drinking water through utility-centric monitoring in high risk homes, corrosion control, and public education. These utility-centric activities, however, do not provide adequate information on lead concentrations in individual homes and leave anunknownnumber of consumers at risk from drinking water lead. To assess the number of consumers at risk from drinking elevated lead concentrations, we mined 166,554 lead samples taken for LCR compliance in Iowa and developed a new approach for estimating the number of consumers at risk. We estimate that 65,000 ± 14,000 people in Iowa are at risk from drinking water lead above the U.S. EPA action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb) each year. We further explored the average household sampling rates of community water systems (CWSs) of different population sizes, where, overall, 8.6% of homes in an Iowa CWS are sampled. Our estimates indicate that, even in the absence of a lead-in-water crisis, a significant number of people are at risk from lead concentrations exceeding available guidelines, raising concerns about the severity of baseline lead concentrations in drinking water nationwide. Our analysis highlights that consumer-centric lead in drinking water policies and avoidance strategies are needed to ensure public protection.
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连续饮用水采样作为评估密歇根州弗林特铅含量的工具。
影响因子：
12.8
作者：
D. Lytle;M. Schock;Kory Wait;Kelly Cahalan;Valerie Bosscher;Andrea Porter;Miguel Del Toral
通讯作者：
Miguel Del Toral
DOI：
10.1080/10934529.2019.1611141
发表时间：
2019-04-16
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bosscher, Valerie;Lytle, Darren A.;Del Toral, Miguel
通讯作者：
Del Toral, Miguel
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Pieper, Kelsey J.;Krometis, Leigh-Anne H.;Edwards, Marc
通讯作者：
Edwards, Marc
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Stansfield, Kirstie H.;Pilsner, J. Richard;Guilarte, Tomas R.
通讯作者：
Guilarte, Tomas R.
DOI：
10.1039/d0ew00496k
发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Weiyi Pan;E. Johnson;D. Giammar
通讯作者：
Weiyi Pan;E. Johnson;D. Giammar