How to outrun your parasites (or mutualists): symbiont transmission mode is key

How to outrun your parasites (or mutualists): symbiont transmission mode is key
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如何超越寄生虫(或共生者):共生传播模式是关键

DOI:
10.1111/oik.09374
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Shaw, Allison K.
Shaw, Allison K.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shaw, Allison K.

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种间相互作用塑造了物种和种群的变化方式和时间。天敌,像寄生虫一样,可以减缓种群的传播,或者相反,种群可以“超越”它的敌人并不受约束地传播。然而,人们对互惠互动如何塑造人口扩散以及超越互惠伙伴的作用知之甚少。在这里,我专门研究了宿主与共生体的相互作用;在动物和植物中很常见,并且涵盖了从寄生到互利共生的范围。我开发了一个模型,以确定当一个共生体形状的主机的人口蔓延时,主机超越其共生体。我发现共生体传输模式是关键。对于密度依赖型传播,共生体不能在低密度种群边缘维持,宿主无法超越其共生体,而频率依赖型传播导致共生体影响宿主传播。然而,这种模式打破了主机Allee效应的存在:传播动态切换从“拉”到“推”,使共生体的范围边缘后面的影响人口传播。总的来说,互惠共生体加速(寄生共生体减慢)宿主种群的传播。这些发现表明,接触结构内的人口,形状共生体传输,是至关重要的,以确定是否主机共生体相互作用影响人口的蔓延。
Interspecific interactions shape how and when species, and population, ranges change. Natural enemies, like parasites, can slow population spread, or, conversely, a population can ‘outrun' its enemies and spread uninhibited. Yet, less is known about how mutualistic interactions shape population spread, and what role outrunning mutualistic partners plays. Here, I examine host–symbiont interactions specifically; common across animals and plants, and spanning the spectrum from parasitism to mutualism. I develop a model to determine when a symbiont shapes its host's population spread versus when the host outruns its symbiont. I find that symbiont transmission mode is key. For density‐dependent transmission, symbionts cannot be sustained at the low‐density population edge and the host outruns its symbiont, whereas frequency‐dependent transmission leads to symbionts affecting host spread. However, this pattern breaks down in the presence of a host Allee effect: spread dynamics switch from ‘pulled' to ‘pushed', enabling a symbiont to influence population spread from behind the range edge. Overall, mutualistic symbionts speed up (and parasitic symbionts slow down) host population spread. These findings indicate that contact structures within a population, which shape symbiont transmission, are critical for determining whether host–symbiont interactions influence population spread.
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影响因子: 4.2
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