Subplate cells: amplifiers of neuronal activity in the developing cerebral cortex.

Subplate cells: amplifiers of neuronal activity in the developing cerebral cortex.
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DOI:
10.3389/neuro.05.019.2009
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Hanganu-Opatz IL
Hanganu-Opatz IL
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luhmann HJ;Kilb W;Hanganu-Opatz IL

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由于其独特的结构和功能特性,亚板细胞非常适合作为发育中的新皮层回路中的重要放大单位。亚板神经元具有广泛的树突和轴突分支和相对成熟的功能特性,即它们的动作电位放电可以超过40 Hz的频率。在皮质发生的最早阶段,亚板细胞接受来自丘脑和其他皮质和非皮质来源的功能性突触输入。谷氨酸能和去极化GABA能输入来自皮质神经元,神经调节输入来自基底前脑和其他来源。突触后代谢型受体(即毒蕈碱受体)的激活在基板神经元中激发振荡爆发放电,其通过电和化学突触传递到相邻的基板细胞和皮质板中的未成熟神经元。GABA能亚板细胞的GABA紧张性非突触释放促进爆发性放电的产生。这些细胞爆发被基板和皮质板中突出的间隙连接耦合放大,从而在局部柱状网络中引发10-20 Hz的振荡。因此,我们建议,神经网络组织在最早的阶段,在间隙连接耦合柱状合胞体。我们假设,基板不只是作为一个短暂的中继站传入输入,而是作为一个活跃的元素放大传入和皮质内活动。
Due to their unique structural and functional properties, subplate cells are ideally suited to function as important amplifying units within the developing neocortical circuit. Subplate neurons have extensive dendritic and axonal ramifications and relatively mature functional properties, i.e. their action potential firing can exceed frequencies of 40 Hz. At earliest stages of corticogenesis subplate cells receive functional synaptic inputs from the thalamus and from other cortical and non-cortical sources. Glutamatergic and depolarizing GABAergic inputs arise from cortical neurons and neuromodulatory inputs arise from the basal forebrain and other sources. Activation of postsynaptic metabotropic receptors, i.e. muscarinic receptors, elicits in subplate neurons oscillatory burst discharges which are transmitted via electrical and chemical synapses to neighbouring subplate cells and to immature neurons in the cortical plate. The tonic non-synaptic release of GABA from GABAergic subplate cells facilitates the generation of burst discharges. These cellular bursts are amplified by prominent gap junction coupling in the subplate and cortical plate, thereby eliciting 10–20 Hz oscillations in a local columnar network. Thus, we propose that neuronal networks are organized at earliest stages in a gap junction coupled columnar syncytium. We postulate that the subplate does not only serve as a transient relay station for afferent inputs, but rather as an active element amplifying the afferent and intracortical activity.
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