Highly parallel genome variant engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.

Highly parallel genome variant engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41588-018-0087-y
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发表时间:
2018-04
期刊:
影响因子:
30.8
通讯作者:
Kruglyak L
Kruglyak L
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sadhu MJ;Bloom JS;Day L;Siegel JJ;Kosuri S;Kruglyak L

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了解DNA序列变异的功能效应对于基础生物学、进化和医学遗传学的研究至关重要;然而,以高通量方式测量这些效应是一个重大挑战。一个有前途的途径是使用CRISPR-Cas9系统进行精确编辑,该系统允许在与指导RNA(gRNA)的靶向序列匹配的基因组位点处产生DNA双链断裂(DSB)。最近的研究已经使用CRISPR文库通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)错误修复CRISPR指导的断裂来在全基因组范围内产生许多移码突变。在这里,我们开发了一种基于CRISPR文库的方法,用于高效和精确的全基因组变异工程。我们用我们的方法来检查在酵母中的所有注释的必需基因内的不同位置的过早终止密码子(PTC)的功能后果。我们发现大多数PTC是高度有害的,除非它们发生在基因的3′端附近,并且不影响注释的蛋白质结构域。出乎意料的是,我们发现一些puplatin必需基因是puplatin,而另一些则有很大的puplatin区域。这种方法可以用于以高通量方式分析大类变体的影响。
Understanding the functional effects of DNA sequence variants is of critical importance for studies of basic biology, evolution, and medical genetics; however, measuring these effects in a high-throughput manner is a major challenge. One promising avenue is precise editing with the CRISPR–Cas9 system, which allows for generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at genomic sites matching the targeting sequence of a guide RNA (gRNA). Recent studies have used CRISPR libraries to generate many frameshift mutations genome wide through faulty repair of CRISPR-directed breaks by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we developed a CRISPR-library-based approach for highly efficient and precise genome-wide variant engineering. We used our method to examine the functional consequences of premature-termination codons (PTCs) at different locations within all annotated essential genes in yeast. We found that most PTCs were highly deleterious unless they occurred close to the 3′ end of the gene and did not affect an annotated protein domain. Unexpectedly, we discovered that some putatively essential genes are dispensable, whereas others have large dispensable regions. This approach can be used to profile the effects of large classes of variants in a high-throughput manner.
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