Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray.
Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray.
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通过贴片和鼻喷雾剂增强尼古丁的效果。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/nty038
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boldry,MargaretC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Perkins,KennethA;Karelitz,JoshuaL;Boldry,MargaretC
证实临床前研究结果，尼古丁在人类（通过吸烟）增强非药物奖励的强化。最近电子烟对尼古丁的类似影响表明，使用尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）也可能产生类似效果。方法通过音乐、视频、金钱奖励和无奖励（对照组）对NRT贴片或鼻腔喷雾剂的效果进行评价。未寻求治疗的吸烟者（N= 31）参加了三个几乎相同的实验阶段，每个阶段都是在一夜戒烟（CO≤10 ppm）之后。在使用双虚拟程序的完全受试者内设计中，这些疗程包括：(1)尼古丁贴片（Nicoderm 14毫克）加安慰剂喷雾，(2)安慰剂贴片加尼古丁喷雾（Nicotrol， 2 × 1毫克/次），或(3)安慰剂贴片加安慰剂喷雾。日志含义均衡会话顺序。结果与安慰剂相比，尼古丁喷雾或贴片对视频奖励的强化反应更大（p< 0.01），而对音乐奖励的强化反应则不明显（p< 0.10）。NRT喷雾剂和贴片的类似结果证实了临床前研究结果，即快速和缓慢的尼古丁递送在强化增强效果上没有差异。戒断缓解与尼古丁通过NRT对非药物强化的影响无关。结论NRT产生的尼古丁对人体有一定的强化作用，其作用方式可能与电子烟产生的尼古丁一致，而不是吸烟产生的尼古丁。我们的研究结果可能表明，不同剂量的奖励依赖于尼古丁增强的强化。这些效果可能有助于NRT帮助戒烟的功效，但需要更多的研究来关注这些尼古丁作用的剂量依赖性。结论：吸烟产生的急性尼古丁增强了非药物感官奖励的强化反应。然而，非吸烟的尼古丁，包括来自NRT贴片和鼻喷雾剂的药物，可能在奖励中更有选择性地起作用，这可能是由于较低的剂量暴露。我们的研究结果表明，尼古丁通过NRT增强了对视觉（视频）奖励的反应，而不是听觉（音乐）奖励的反应，就像之前使用电子烟的结果一样。NRT的戒断缓解与强化反应无关，与尼古丁的积极（而不是消极）强化一致。进一步的研究评估尼古丁的剂量-反应效应，可能会澄清根据可获得的奖励类型在增强强化方面的差异。
IntroductionConfirming preclinical findings, nicotine in humans (via smoking) enhances reinforcement from nondrug rewards. Recent demonstration of similar effects with nicotine via e-cigarettes suggests they may also occur when using nicotine replacement therapies (NRT).MethodsEffects of nicotine via NRT patch or nasal spray were assessed on responding reinforced by music, video, or monetary rewards, or for no reward (control). Nontreatment seeking smokers (N= 31) participated in three virtually identical experimental sessions, each following overnight abstinence (CO ≤ 10 ppm). In a fully within-subjects design using a double-dummy procedure, these sessions involved: (1) nicotine patch (Nicoderm 14 mg) plus placebo spray, (2) placebo patch plus nicotine spray (Nicotrol, 2 × 1 mg/trial), or (3) placebo patch plus placebo spray. Session order was counter-balanced.ResultsRelative to placebo, reinforced responding due to nicotine via spray or patch was greater for video reward (bothp< .01) but not for music reward (bothp> .10). Similar results for NRT spray and patch confirms preclinical findings indicating no difference between fast and slow nicotine delivery, respectively, on reinforcement enhancing effects. Withdrawal relief was unrelated to these effects of nicotine via NRT on nondrug reinforcement.ConclusionsNicotine from NRT has some reinforcement enhancing effects in humans, possibly in a manner consistent with nicotine via e-cigarettes but not tobacco smoking. Our findings could suggest differential dose-dependency of available rewards to enhanced reinforcement by nicotine. Such effects may help contribute to the efficacy of NRT for aiding smoking cessation, but more research focusing on dose-dependency of these nicotine actions is needed.ImplicationsAcute nicotine from smoking enhances reinforced responding for nondrug sensory rewards. Yet, nonsmoked nicotine, including from NRT medications of patch and nasal spray, may act more selectively across rewards, perhaps due to lower dosing exposure. Our results suggest that nicotine via NRT enhances responding for visual (video) reward, but not from auditory (music) reward, just as in prior results using e-cigarettes. Withdrawal relief from NRT was unrelated to reinforced responding, consistent with positive (and not negative) reinforcement from this nicotine. Further research evaluating the dose–response effects of nicotine may clarify differences in enhanced reinforcement depending on the type of available reward.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. K. Honig;J. Staddon
通讯作者：
J. Staddon
尼古丁的突然戒断会降低视觉刺激对大鼠的强化作用。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntr293
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
影响因子：
--
作者：
Weaver,MatthewT;Sweitzer,Maggie;Coddington,Sarah;Sheppard,Jaimee;Verdecchia,Nicole;Caggiula,AnthonyR;Sved,AlanF;Donny,EricC
通讯作者：
Donny,EricC
尼古丁增强的感觉强化模式的潜在性别差异。
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Perkins,KennethA;Karelitz,JoshuaL
通讯作者：
Karelitz,JoshuaL
尼古丁鼻喷雾剂：快速尼古丁输送系统
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
G. Sutherland;M. Russell;J. Stapleton;C. Feyerabend;O. Ferno
通讯作者：
O. Ferno
重复剂量鼻腔尼古丁溶液的血浆尼古丁浓度。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
British Journal of Addiction
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. West;M. Jarvis;M. Russell;C. Feyerabend
通讯作者：
C. Feyerabend