Individuality in the Immune Repertoire and Induced Response of the Sponge Halichondria panicea.
Individuality in the Immune Repertoire and Induced Response of the Sponge Halichondria panicea.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.689051
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Pita L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmittmann L;Franzenburg S;Pita L
动物免疫系统从宿主的角度调节宿主与微生物的相互作用。模式识别受体(PRRs)及其诱导的下游信号级联反应是动物先天免疫的核心部分。这些分子免疫机制仍不完全清楚，特别是在基线免疫和诱导的、受微生物信号调节的特异性反应方面。早期分化的类海绵(Porifera)可以帮助识别免疫信号在进化上的保守机制。我们研究了海绵共生模式--海绵的表达免疫基因库和对脂多糖的诱导反应。我们在控制的实验条件下将海绵暴露于细菌内毒素，并在暴露后1h和6h采集样本进行RNA-SEQ。帕尼西亚拥有一系列不同的推定的PRR。虽然这些PRR的一部分在所有被分析的海绵中有成分地表达，但大多数是个体特有的表达，与内毒素治疗或时间点无关。内毒素诱导的免疫应答涉及信号和识别相关基因的差异调节，更具体地说是GTP酶和翻译后调节机制，如泛素化和磷酸化。我们已经在免疫受体谱系和对内毒素的反应中发现了个性，这可能转化为全息适应和对压力的敏感性。本研究中观察到的免疫基因调控的三个不同层面，即结构性表达、个体特异性表达和诱导基因，描绘了一幅关于松材线虫天然免疫基因调控的复杂图景。这很可能反映了免疫的不同组成部分之间的协同作用，它们在控制和应对稳定的微生物群、海水细菌和潜在病原体方面发挥了作用。
The animal immune system mediates host-microbe interactions from the host perspective. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the downstream signaling cascades they induce are a central part of animal innate immunity. These molecular immune mechanisms are still not fully understood, particularly in terms of baseline immunity vs induced specific responses regulated upon microbial signals. Early-divergent phyla like sponges (Porifera) can help to identify the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of immune signaling. We characterized both the expressed immune gene repertoire and the induced response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Halichondria panicea, a promising model for sponge symbioses. We exposed sponges under controlled experimental conditions to bacterial LPS and performed RNA-seq on samples taken 1h and 6h after exposure. H. panicea possesses a diverse array of putative PRRs. While part of those PRRs was constitutively expressed in all analyzed sponges, the majority was expressed individual-specific and regardless of LPS treatment or timepoint. The induced immune response by LPS involved differential regulation of genes related to signaling and recognition, more specifically GTPases and post-translational regulation mechanisms like ubiquitination and phosphorylation. We have discovered individuality in both the immune receptor repertoire and the response to LPS, which may translate into holobiont fitness and susceptibility to stress. The three different layers of immune gene control observed in this study, - namely constitutive expression, individual-specific expression, and induced genes -, draw a complex picture of the innate immune gene regulation in H. panicea. Most likely this reflects synergistic interactions among the different components of immunity in their role to control and respond to a stable microbiome, seawater bacteria, and potential pathogens.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Gene Ontology Consortium
通讯作者：
Gene Ontology Consortium
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Gu, Zuguang;Eils, Roland;Schlesner, Matthias
通讯作者：
Schlesner, Matthias
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Melo Clavijo J;Frankenbach S;Fidalgo C;Serôdio J;Donath A;Preisfeld A;Christa G
通讯作者：
Christa G
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Blanquer A;Uriz MJ;Cebrian E;Galand PE
通讯作者：
Galand PE
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Germer, Juliane;Cerveau, Nicolas;Jackson, Daniel J.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Daniel J.