Information Processing Account 1 an Information Processing Account of Implicit Motive Arousal
Information Processing Account 1 an Information Processing Account of Implicit Motive Arousal
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信息处理帐户1 内隐动机唤醒的信息处理帐户
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oliver C. Schultheiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oliver C. Schultheiss
1953年，他们发表了开创性的专著《成就动机》，作为心理学的一个受人尊敬的、有前途的和蓬勃发展的分支，对人类动机(如对成就、从属关系或权力的需求)的科学研究有了一个伟大的开端。在接下来的30年里，它产生了数千份已发表的研究报告，并蔓延到其他学科，如政治学、经济学、历史学或社会学。然而，大约在20世纪80年代初，以前的研究成果流已经减少到涓涓细流，这一发展是由早期对动机及其测量模式的结构有效性的批评(E.及其变种作为不可靠的动机测量被证明在很大程度上是没有根据的，并且基于方法论的人工制品)的预兆(E.然而，对麦克莱兰-阿特金森传统动机结构有效性的批评可能更难反驳，而且在某种程度上反映了许多研究者的沮丧，他们在研究中未能找到动机和行为之间的有意义的关系，这可能是动机研究消亡的重要原因。例如，Klinger(1966)在一篇关于成就动机的研究综述中指出，尽管当时发表的研究中有大约一半获得了成就动机和绩效测量之间的显著和有意义的关系，但另一半却未能获得这种关系。这种情况导致克林格质疑，基于TAT的成就动机衡量标准是否真的衡量了任何激励因素。Lazarus(1961)总结的研究表明成就动机和行为之间没有或矛盾的关系。他采取了弗洛伊德的基本立场，得出结论，成就动机在初级过程式的幻想中(即在纹身故事中)只有在它被行为表现阻挡或当它被强烈唤起时不被自我防御过滤掉的情况下才被表达出来。根据这一观点，信息处理帐户2不应期望能够以任何直接和直接的方式根据成就动机(或任何其他动机)的测量来预测绩效和行为。在本章中，我将论证，与Klinger和Lazarus的观点相反，动机确实对行为具有直接的激励作用，并且这种作用取决于在特定情况下存在的激励的类型。我的主要主张是，动机被激起了…
published their groundbreaking monograph " The achievement motive " in 1953, scientific research on human motives such as the needs for achievement, affiliation, or power was off to a great start as a respectable, promising and flourishing branch of psychology. It generated thousands of published research reports over the next three decades and spilled over into other disciplines such as political science, economics, history, or sociology. Roughly at the beginning of the 1980s, however, the former stream of research output had dwindled down to a trickle, and this development was foreshadowed by earlier reviews critical both of the construct validity of motives and their mode of measurement (e. and its variants as being unreliable motive measures turned out to be largely unfounded and based on methodological artifacts (e. not be further reviewed here. Criticisms leveled at the validity of the motive construct in the McClelland-Atkinson tradition, however, may be more difficult to counter and, to the extent that they reflect the frustrations of many researchers who failed to find meaningful relationships between motives and behavior in their studies, may have contributed substantially to the demise of motive research. For instance, Klinger (1966) noted in a review of studies focusing on achievement motivation that while roughly half of the then published studies obtained significant and meaningful relationships between the achievement motive and performance measures, the other half failed to obtain such relationships. This state of affairs led Klinger to question whether TAT-based achievement motive measures actually measure anything motivational at all. Lazarus (1961) summarized research showing either no or paradoxical relationships between the achievement motive and behavior. Taking an essentially Freudian stance, he concluded that the achievement motive is expressed in primary process-like fantasy (i.e., in TAT stories) only to the extent that it is blocked from behavioral manifestations or not filtered away by ego defenses when it is too strongly aroused. According to this point of view, Information processing account 2 one should not expect to be able to predict performance and behavior from a TAT measure of the achievement motives (or any other motive) in any direct and straightforward way. In the present chapter, I will argue that, contrary to the views of Klinger and Lazarus, motives do have a direct, motivating effect on behavior, and that this effect depends on the type of incentive present in a given situation. My main claim will be that motives are aroused …
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DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.117.3.248
发表时间：
1988-09
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Farah;F. Péronnet;M. Gonon;M. Giard
通讯作者：
M. Farah;F. Péronnet;M. Gonon;M. Giard
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
A. Bechara;D. Tranel;H. Damasio;R. Adolphs;C. Rockland;A. Damasio
通讯作者：
A. Bechara;D. Tranel;H. Damasio;R. Adolphs;C. Rockland;A. Damasio
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Shin;S. Kosslyn;R. McNally;N. Alpert;W. Thompson;S. Rauch;M. L. Macklin;R. Pitman
通讯作者：
L. Shin;S. Kosslyn;R. McNally;N. Alpert;W. Thompson;S. Rauch;M. L. Macklin;R. Pitman
认知和心理动力学无意识的整合。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.49.8.709
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Epstein,S
通讯作者：
Epstein,S
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
BORKOVEC, TD;INZ, J
通讯作者：
INZ, J