Forest elephant crisis in the Congo Basin.
Forest elephant crisis in the Congo Basin.
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刚果盆地的森林大象危机。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050111
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发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Maisels, Fiona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blake, Stephen;Strindberg, Samantha;Boudjan, Patrick;Makombo, Calixte;Bila-Isia, Inogwabini;Ilambu, Omari;Grossmann, Falk;Bene-Bene, Lambert;de Semboli, Bruno;Mbenzo, Valentin;S'hwa, Dino;Bayogo, Rosine;Williamson, Liz;Fay, Mike;Hart, John;Maisels, Fiona
在《濒危野生植物群种国际贸易公约》（CITES）的会议上，关于废除象牙贸易禁令的辩论占据了主导地位。解决这一争议需要准确估计大象的种群趋势和非法捕杀率。大多数非洲大萨凡纳象的种群是众所周知的;然而，森林象的地位，也许是一个独特的物种，在广阔的刚果盆地尚不清楚。我们评估了人口状况和偷猎的发生率从行样带和侦察调查进行步行在整个刚果盆地的网站。结果表明，森林大象的丰度和范围受到偷猎的威胁，偷猎在靠近道路的地方最为严重。大象出现的概率随着与道路的距离而增加，而人类标志的概率则下降。在距离公路的所有距离上，大象在保护区内出现的概率总是高于保护区外，而人类的概率总是较低。在保护区内，森林象密度与偏远森林核心的大小相关，但与保护区的大小无关。森林大象必须在大陆规模的大象管理规划中优先考虑。森林象，可能是非洲象的一个独特物种，出现在西非和中非的森林中。与东部和南部非洲的萨凡纳象相比，森林象的生物学和保护状况知之甚少。为了提供有关森林大象的状况和分布的可靠科学数据，为保护工作提供信息和指导，我们在整个中非的重要保护区进行了森林大象丰度和非法杀害大象的调查。我们进行了总共8 000多公里的侦察行走，并在监测非法杀害大象方案的主持下，系统地调查了大约60 000平方公里的总面积。我们的研究结果表明，森林大象的数量和范围受到严重威胁的象牙狩猎。大象的数量随着距离最近的公路的距离增加而增加，偷猎的压力最集中在公路附近。我们发现，保护区对大象数量有积极的影响，可能是因为与非保护区森林相比，管理干预措施降低了保护区内的偷猎率。如果要成功地保护森林大象，控制非法象牙贸易的执法以及有效管理和保护大型和偏远的国家公园将是至关重要的。对整个中非68 000平方公里的系统调查表明，森林象-有别于萨凡纳象-受到偷猎的严重威胁，尽管几乎普遍禁止象牙贸易。
Debate over repealing the ivory trade ban dominates conferences of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Resolving this controversy requires accurate estimates of elephant population trends and rates of illegal killing. Most African savannah elephant populations are well known; however, the status of forest elephants, perhaps a distinct species, in the vast Congo Basin is unclear. We assessed population status and incidence of poaching from line-transect and reconnaissance surveys conducted on foot in sites throughout the Congo Basin. Results indicate that the abundance and range of forest elephants are threatened from poaching that is most intense close to roads. The probability of elephant presence increased with distance to roads, whereas that of human signs declined. At all distances from roads, the probability of elephant occurrence was always higher inside, compared to outside, protected areas, whereas that of humans was always lower. Inside protected areas, forest elephant density was correlated with the size of remote forest core, but not with size of protected area. Forest elephants must be prioritised in elephant management planning at the continental scale. Forest elephants, perhaps a distinct species of African elephant, occur in the forests of West and Central Africa. Compared to the more familiar savannah elephant of Eastern and Southern Africa, forest elephant biology and their conservation status are poorly known. To provide robust scientific data on the status and distribution of forest elephants to inform and guide conservation efforts, we conducted surveys on foot of forest elephant abundance and of illegal killing of elephants in important conservation sites throughout Central Africa. We covered a combined distance of over 8,000 km on reconnaissance walks, and we systematically surveyed a total area of some 60,000 km2 under the auspices of the Monitoring of the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) programme. Our results indicate that forest elephant numbers and range are severely threatened by hunting for ivory. Elephant abundance increased with increasing distance from the nearest road, and poaching pressure was most concentrated near roads. We found that protected areas have a positive impact on elephant abundance, probably because management interventions reduced poaching rates inside protected areas compared to non-protected forest. Law enforcement to bring the illegal ivory trade under control, and effective management and protection of large and remote national parks will be critical if forest elephants are to be successfully conserved. A systematic survey of 68,000 km2 throughout Central Africa reveals that the forest elephant--distinct from the savannah elephant--is severely threatened by poaching, despite a near universal ban of trade in ivory.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Dudley, JP;Ginsberg, JR;Campos, LC
通讯作者：
Campos, LC
影响因子：
1
作者：
ALERS, MPT;BLOM, A;BARNES, RFW
通讯作者：
BARNES, RFW
影响因子：
7
作者：
Burton, M
通讯作者：
Burton, M
影响因子：
6
作者：
Gillson, L;Lindsay, K
通讯作者：
Lindsay, K
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Moritz, C
通讯作者：
Moritz, C