The oxidative damage initiation hypothesis for meiosis.
The oxidative damage initiation hypothesis for meiosis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00497-013-0234-7
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hadacek, Franz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoerandl, Elvira;Hadacek, Franz
真核生物有性生殖的维持仍然是进化生物学中的一个主要谜团。减数分裂是所有真核生物界中唯一共同的性别特征，因此，我们认为它是讨论其功能的关键问题。几乎所有的无性模式保持减数分裂无论是在修改的形式或作为一个替代途径，和facultimate无融合生殖植物增加的频率性相对于无融合生殖后非生物胁迫。在生理水平上，非生物胁迫导致氧化应激。我们推测，核DNA氧化损伤的修复可能是减数分裂进化的主要驱动力。我们提出了一个假设的模型，可能的氧化还原化学的基础上的减数分裂特异性蛋白Spo 11 DNA的结合。在减数分裂前期，DNA分子的氧化位点被Spo 11蛋白的催化酪氨酸部分靶向，其作用类似于减少氧化靶的抗氧化剂。氧化的酪氨酸残基，酪氨酰基自由基，攻击DNA骨架的磷酸二酯键，导致DNA双链断裂，可以通过各种机制修复。无融合生殖植物的多倍体能减轻DNA氧化损伤，降低Spo 11的活性。我们的假设可能有助于解释各种神秘的现象：第一，DSB的形成数量超过交换，因此，有效的重组事件，因为减数分裂的目标可能是去除氧化损伤;第二，它提供了一个论点，为什么在许多真核生物的性表达是响应压力;第三，氧化DNA损伤的修复将减数分裂变成真核生物生殖的一个基本特征。
The maintenance of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes is still a major enigma in evolutionary biology. Meiosis represents the only common feature of sex in all eukaryotic kingdoms, and thus, we regard it a key issue for discussing its function. Almost all asexuality modes maintain meiosis either in a modified form or as an alternative pathway, and facultatively apomictic plants increase frequencies of sexuality relative to apomixis after abiotic stress. On the physiological level, abiotic stress causes oxidative stress. We hypothesize that repair of oxidative damage on nuclear DNA could be a major driving force in the evolution of meiosis. We present a hypothetical model for the possible redox chemistry that underlies the binding of the meiosis-specific protein Spo11 to DNA. During prophase of meiosis I, oxidized sites at the DNA molecule are being targeted by the catalytic tyrosine moieties of Spo11 protein, which acts like an antioxidant reducing the oxidized target. The oxidized tyrosine residues, tyrosyl radicals, attack the phosphodiester bonds of the DNA backbone causing DNA double strand breaks that can be repaired by various mechanisms. Polyploidy in apomictic plants could mitigate oxidative DNA damage and decrease Spo11 activation. Our hypothesis may contribute to explaining various enigmatic phenomena: first, DSB formation outnumbers crossovers and, thus, effective recombination events by far because the target of meiosis may be the removal of oxidative lesions; second, it offers an argument for why expression of sexuality is responsive to stress in many eukaryotes; and third, repair of oxidative DNA damage turns meiosis into an essential characteristic of eukaryotic reproduction.
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