Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates.

Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates.
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非人类灵长类动物的基本颅骨屈曲、相对大脑大小和面部后凸。

DOI:
10.1002/ajpa.1330910306
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发表时间:
1993
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Ravosa,MJ
Ravosa,MJ
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ross,CF;Ravosa,MJ

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已经提出了许多解释颅底屈曲程度的种间差异的假说。几位作者认为,大脑相对大小的增加导致了空间填充问题,而这个问题可以通过弯曲基底颅来解决。其他人将颅底屈曲程度的差异归因于不同的姿势行为,这表明更多的直立动物需要腹侧屈曲鞍前基颅,以保持眼睛处于正确的前向方向。不太具体的索赔之间的关系,颅底屈曲度和面部取向。为了评估这些假设,颅底屈曲度(颅底角),腭方向,眶轴方向进行了测量,从侧位X线片的68灵长类动物的物种,并结合线性和体积的措施,以及数据的大小的新皮质和端脑。在几个分类水平的双变量相关和偏相关分析表明,在haplorhines,颅底角减少,增加神经颅体积相对于basicranial长度,并与面部后凸和眶轴方向的角度呈正相关。Strepsirhines显示颅底角和任何检查的变量之间没有显着的相关性。有人认为,在祖先的单鼻期之前的眼眶近似将内侧眼眶壁和鞍前基颅整合成一个单一的结构网络,这样一个方向的变化必然会影响另一个。古尔德的《个体发生学和系统发生学》(Ontogeny and Phylogeny)。剑桥:Belknap Press,1977)的假说,即Homomay的基颅高度弯曲可能是由于一个大的大脑和一个相对较短的基颅的组合,得到了证实。© 1993 Wiley‐利斯公司
Numerous hypotheses explaining interspecific differences in the degree of basicranial flexion have been presented. Several authors have argued that an increase in relative brain size results in a spatial packing problem that is resolved by flexing the basicranium. Others attribute differences in the degree of basicranial flexion to different postural behaviors, suggesting that more orthograde animals require a ventrally flexed pre‐sella basicranium in order to maintain the eyes in a correct forward‐facing orientation. Less specific claims are made for a relationship between the degree of basicranial flexion and facial orientation. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, the degree of basicranial flexion (cranial base angle), palate orientation, and orbital axis orientation were measured from lateral radiographs of 68 primate species and combined with linear and volumetric measures as well as data on the size of the neocortex and telencephalon. Bivariate correlation and partial correlation analyses at several taxonomic levels revealed that, within haplorhines, the cranial base angle decreases with increasing neurocranial volume relative to basicranial length and is positively correlated with angles of facial kyphosis and orbital axis orientation. Strepsirhines show no significant correlations between the cranial base angle and any of the variables examined. It is argued that prior orbital approximation in the ancestral haplorhine integrated the medial orbital walls and pre‐sella basicranium into a single structural network such that changes in the orientation of one necessarily affect the other. Gould's (“Ontogeny and Phylogeny.” Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1977) hypothesis, that the highly flexed basicranium ofHomomay be due to a combination of a large brain and a relatively short basicranium, is corroborated. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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