Network efficiency in autism spectrum disorder and its relation to brain overgrowth.
Network efficiency in autism spectrum disorder and its relation to brain overgrowth.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00845
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Evans AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis JD;Theilmann RJ;Townsend J;Evans AC
大量证据表明，大脑大小的差异与大脑组织的差异有关。我们假设这种关系的发展方面在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中发挥作用，ASD是一种涉及大脑发育异常的神经发育障碍。ASD儿童在出生后第二年的大脑异常大，此后的几年里，他们的大脑大小可能比正常值高出数倍标准差。更大的传导延迟和细胞成本可能与这些更大的大脑中更长的长距离连接有关，被认为会影响发育过程，导致大脑组织发生改变，空间上遥远的区域之间的交流减少。这已经得到了计算模型和研究结果的支持，这些研究结果将更大的颅内体积（发育期间最大大脑尺寸的指数）与ASD患者大脑半球间连接的减少联系起来。在本文中，我们通过对网络效率的全脑分析进一步评估了这一假设。我们利用弥散纤维束成像来估计所有对皮质区域之间的连接的强度和长度。我们计算每个网络节点和所有其他节点之间的通信效率，并在当地社区内;然后，我们评估这些措施的颅内体积的关系，以及这些措施之间的差异自闭症成年人和典型的控制。颅内容积与广泛分布的皮质区域的效率呈负相关。此外，自闭症效率降低的空间模式与效率和颅内体积之间的区域关系有着惊人的相似之处，特别是对于局部效率。因此，这些结果进一步支持了自闭症儿童大脑过度生长与自闭症成人大脑组织效率之间的假设联系。
A substantial body of evidence links differences in brain size to differences in brain organization. We have hypothesized that the developmental aspect of this relation plays a role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder which involves abnormalities in brain growth. Children with ASD have abnormally large brains by the second year of life, and for several years thereafter their brain size can be multiple standard deviations above the norm. The greater conduction delays and cellular costs presumably associated with the longer long-distance connections in these larger brains is thought to influence developmental processes, giving rise to an altered brain organization with less communication between spatially distant regions. This has been supported by computational models and by findings linking greater intra-cranial volume, an index of maximum brain-size during development, to reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity in individuals with ASD. In this paper, we further assess this hypothesis via a whole-brain analysis of network efficiency. We utilize diffusion tractography to estimate the strength and length of the connections between all pairs of cortical regions. We compute the efficiency of communication between each network node and all others, and within local neighborhoods; we then assess the relation of these measures to intra-cranial volume, and the differences in these measures between adults with autism and typical controls. Intra-cranial volume is shown to be inversely related to efficiency for wide-spread regions of cortex. Moreover, the spatial patterns of reductions in efficiency in autism bear a striking resemblance to the regional relationships between efficiency and intra-cranial volume, particularly for local efficiency. The results thus provide further support for the hypothesized link between brain overgrowth in children with autism and the efficiency of the organization of the brain in adults with autism.
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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