The Impact of Coinfection Dynamics on Host Competition and Coexistence

The Impact of Coinfection Dynamics on Host Competition and Coexistence
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共感染动力学对宿主竞争和共存的影响

DOI:
10.1086/717180
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tate, Ann T.
Tate, Ann T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rovenolt, Faith H.;Tate, Ann T.

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寄生虫可以通过不同地影响通常使一个物种具有竞争优势的关键参数来调节生态群落中宿主物种之间的竞争。然而,在自然界中,联合感染相互拮抗或促进的寄生虫——例如,通过改变交叉保护的宿主免疫反应——可以调节宿主感染的结果和相对于单一感染的寄生虫传播。在什么条件下,共感染可能干扰寄生虫介导的宿主之间的明显竞争?为了解决这个问题,我们创建了两个共同感染宿主物种的模型。寄生虫可以通过影响宿主繁殖间接相互作用,也可以通过调节每个宿主物种对局灶感染的恢复和疾病引起的死亡率直接相互作用。我们的模型基于一个经典的表观竞争系统的参数,但允许多种寄生虫传播模式和相互作用场景。我们的研究结果表明,相对于恢复,感染诱发的死亡率对竞争结果有巨大的影响,但感染介导的死亡率调节可以产生一系列共存或竞争排斥的结果。此外,虽然感染流行率对寄生虫传播方式的变化很敏感,但宿主竞争结果却不敏感。我们的模型突出了免疫变异和寄生虫生态对群落生态的影响。
Parasites can mediate competition among host species in an ecological community by differentially affecting key parameters that normally give one species a competitive edge. In nature, however, coinfecting parasites that antagonize or facilitate each other—for example, by altering cross-protective host immune responses—can modulate host infection outcomes and parasite transmission relative to a single infection. Under what conditions is coinfection likely to interfere with parasite-mediated apparent competition among hosts? To address this question, we created a model of two coinfected host species. Parasites could interact indirectly by affecting host reproduction or directly by modulating recovery and disease-induced mortality of each host species to a focal infection. We grounded our model with parameters from a classic apparent competition system but allowed for multiple parasite transmission modes and interaction scenarios. Our results suggest that infection-induced mortality has an outsized effect on competition outcomes relative to recovery but that coinfection-mediated modulation of mortality can produce a range of coexistence or competitive exclusion outcomes. Moreover, while infection prevalence is sensitive to variation in parasite transmission mode, host competitive outcomes are not. Our generalizable model highlights the influence of immunological variation and parasite ecology on community ecology.
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