Small carnivorans, museums and zoos

Small carnivorans, museums and zoos
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小型食肉动物、博物馆和动物园

DOI:
10.1111/izy.12273
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kitchener A
Kitchener A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kitchener A

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小型食肉动物在动物园中的代表性通常很低,可能是因为它们体型较小,大多是夜间活动的独居猎人。然而,人们对其中大量物种的生态和行为的了解有限,许多物种面临灭绝的威胁,或者它们的保护状况鲜为人知,甚至未知。尽管在动物园很少见,但动物园和博物馆有很好的合作机会,以确保动物死亡时,它们会经过仔细的尸检,并保存下来,用于解剖学和功能形态的研究。反过来,博物馆收藏的标本丰富,有助于动物园进行鉴定,并为兽医提供获取动物遗骸和它们的解剖结构的途径,以便于治疗和手术。计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)扫描等新技术,加上生物库的建立,为广泛的研究,包括分类学和系统学、考古学和古生物学、解剖学、病理学和保护科学,提供了获取有关小型食肉动物的重要信息的新方法。最重要的是,博物馆收藏的动物园标本可以调查圈养的影响,如饮食和活动水平。然而,这一研究资源的开发有赖于动物园和博物馆之间更紧密的合作。随着野生和圈养种群越来越多地受到国际自然保护联盟保护规划专家第一组计划方法的管理,动物园和博物馆合作保护受威胁的小型食肉动物也将变得越来越重要。
Small carnivorans are generally poorly represented in zoos, probably because they are small, mostly nocturnal and solitary hunters. However, there is limited knowledge about the ecology and behaviour of a large number of these and many species are threatened with extinction or their conservation status is poorly known or even unknown. Although rare in zoos, there are good opportunities for zoos and museums to cooperate to ensure that when animals die, they are subjected to careful post‐mortem examinations, and preserved for research into anatomy and functional morphology. In turn museum collections are rich stores of specimens that assist zoos in identification, and provide veterinarians with access to animal remains and their anatomy to facilitate treatment and surgery. New techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, plus the establishment of biobanks allow new ways of capturing vital information about small carnivorans for a wide range of research, including taxonomy and systematics, archaeology and palaeontology, anatomy, pathology and conservation science. Most importantly museum collections of zoo specimens allow the impacts of captivity, such as diet and activity levels, to be investigated. However, the development of this research resource relies on closer cooperation between zoos and museums. As wild and captive populations are increasingly managed under the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Conservation Planning Specialist Group One Plan approach, it will also be increasingly important for zoos and museums to work together to benefit the conservation of threatened small carnivorans.
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