Multi-scale structure and geographic drivers of cross-infection within marine bacteria and phages.
Multi-scale structure and geographic drivers of cross-infection within marine bacteria and phages.
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2012.135
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发表时间：
2013-03
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影响因子：
--
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噬菌体是地球上最丰富的生物生命形式。然而，关于哪些噬菌体感染和利用哪些细菌，人们知之甚少。最近的一项荟萃分析表明，经验测量的噬菌体感染网络通常是显着嵌套的，平均而言，而不是模块化的。一个完美的嵌套网络是这样一个网络，其中噬菌体可以从专家到多面手排序，使得给定噬菌体的宿主范围是排序中后续噬菌体的宿主范围的子集。同样的元分析假设，模块化，其中群体的寄生虫专门对不同的主机组，应该出现在更大的地理和/或分类尺度。在本文中，我们评估了最大的已知噬菌体-细菌相互作用的数据集，代表了215种噬菌体类型与286种宿主类型的相互作用，这些宿主类型是从大西洋地理上分离的地点取样的。我们发现，这种互动网络是高度模块化的。此外，该数据集中确定的一些模块是嵌套的或包含子模块，表明存在多尺度结构，如早期荟萃分析中所假设的。我们研究了地理在驱动这些模式中的作用，并发现证据表明，宿主范围的细菌和噬菌体的允许性是驱动，在一定程度上，由地理分离。最后，我们讨论的方法来解开生态和进化的作用，在驱动复杂的模式之间的相互作用的细菌和细菌。
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological life forms on Earth. However, relatively little is known regarding which bacteriophages infect and exploit which bacteria. A recent meta-analysis showed that empirically measured phage-bacteria infection networks are often significantly nested, on average, and not modular. A perfectly nested network is one in which phages can be ordered from specialist to generalist such that the host range of a given phage is a subset of the host range of the subsequent phage in the ordering. The same meta-analysis hypothesized that modularity, in which groups of phages specialize on distinct groups of hosts, should emerge at larger geographic and/or taxonomic scales. In this paper, we evaluate the largest known phage-bacteria interaction data set, representing the interaction of 215 phage types with 286 host types sampled from geographically separated sites in the Atlantic Ocean. We find that this interaction network is highly modular. In addition, some of the modules identified in this data set are nested or contain submodules, indicating the presence of multi-scale structure, as hypothesized in the earlier meta-analysis. We examine the role of geography in driving these patterns and find evidence that the host range of phages and the phage permissibility of bacteria is driven, in part, by geographic separation. We conclude by discussing approaches to disentangle the roles of ecology and evolution in driving complex patterns of interaction between phages and bacteria.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1120310109
发表时间：
2012-03-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Marston, Marcia F.;Pierciey, Francis J., Jr.;Martiny, Jennifer B. H.
通讯作者：
Martiny, Jennifer B. H.