Effects of dead conspecifics, hunger states, and seasons on the foraging behavior of the purple urchin Heliocidaris crassispina
Effects of dead conspecifics, hunger states, and seasons on the foraging behavior of the purple urchin Heliocidaris crassispina
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死亡同种、饥饿状态和季节对紫海胆 Heliocidaris crassispina 觅食行为的影响
DOI：
10.1101/2020.03.09.984674
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nishihara GN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belleza DFC;Kawabata Y;Toda T;Nishihara GN
营养级联是生态系统中捕食者-猎物关系的强大结果。在水生环境中，与捕食者和捕食者相关的信号被猎物用作觅食时避免遇到捕食者的线索。这些行为线索足以控制猎物数量，间接保护初级生产者。在这里，我们评估了与捕食有关的线索对紫海胆的影响，并使用延时摄影检查了饥饿状态和季节的影响。我们进行了一系列的实验室和原位操作实验，以确定觅食行为的模式和行为改变。我们发现，与正常喂食的海胆相比，饥饿的海胆对捕食线索不那么敏感。野外实验表明，70%被喂食的海胆在接触到捕食线索（死海胆的存在）时逃跑，而饥饿的海胆不管什么线索都留下来，这支持了实验室使用死海胆和藻类线索的结果。冬春季海胆活动和摄食率低于夏秋季。结果表明，饥饿状态对海胆的行为反应有较大的影响，同时由于代谢控制，也受到季节的影响。一般来说，饥饿似乎压倒了捕食者的回避行为，这使被捕食物种面临更高的捕食风险。
Trophic cascades are a powerful result of predator-prey relationships in an ecosystem. In aquatic environments, the signals associated with predators and predation are used by prey as a cue to avoid encountering predators when foraging for food. These behavioral cues can be powerful enough to control prey populations and indirectly protect primary producers. Here, we evaluated the effects of cues associated with predation on the purple urchin Heliocidaris crassispina and examined effects of hunger state and season, using time-lapse photography. A series of laboratory and in situ manipulative experiments were conducted to determine patterns of foraging behavior and behavioral modifications. We showed that starved urchins were less sensitive to predation cues compared to normally fed urchins. Field experiments indicated that 70% of fed urchins fled when exposed to a predation cue (presence of a dead urchin) whereas starved urchins remained regardless of the cue, supporting results from the laboratory using dead urchin and algal cues. Sea urchin activity and feeding rates were lower in winter-spring than in summer-autumn. Results suggest that hunger state has a large influence over the behavioral response of sea urchins, while also being affected by season due to metabolic control. In general, starvation appears to override predator avoidance behaviors, which exposes prey species to higher risks of predation.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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