Tools for translational neuroscience: PTSD is associated with heightened fear responses using acoustic startle but not skin conductance measures.
Tools for translational neuroscience: PTSD is associated with heightened fear responses using acoustic startle but not skin conductance measures.
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DOI：
10.1002/da.20880
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发表时间：
2011-12-21
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Jovanovic, Tanja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glover, Ebony M.;Phifer, Justine E.;Crain, Daniel F.;Norrholm, Seth D.;Davis, Michael;Bradley, Bekh;Ressler, Kerry J.;Jovanovic, Tanja
关键词：
背景资料：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者对创伤提醒表现出高度的恐惧反应，并且在安全提醒存在时无法抑制恐惧。脑成像研究表明，这部分是由于杏仁核的过度反应以及杏仁核自上而下的皮质抑制不足。与这些发现相一致，以前的研究，使用恐惧增强惊吓（FPS），已经显示了PTSD参与者在恐惧抑制方面的夸大惊吓和缺陷。然而，许多使用皮肤传导反应（SCR）的PTSD研究报告在恐惧获得方面没有组间差异。方法：研究包括41名PTSD患者和70名非PTSD患者。恐惧条件反射包括一个强化的条件刺激（CS+，危险提示）与一个厌恶的气流配对，和一个非强化的条件刺激（CS-，安全提示）。在每个CS的演示过程中获得声惊吓反应和SCR。结果：FPS和SCR均能检测到恐惧条件反应。此外，与创伤对照组相比，PTSD参与者对危险线索和安全线索的FPS更高。然而，两组之间的SCR没有差异。最后，我们发现FPS的危险线索预测重新体验的症状，而FPS的安全线索预测过度觉醒症状。然而，SCR没有贡献PTSD症状的方差。结论：重复早期的研究，我们发现创伤后应激障碍参与者的FPS增加。然而，尽管SCR是一个很好的衡量差异条件反射的指标，但它并不能区分PTSD组。这些数据表明，FPS可能是一个有用的工具，翻译研究。抑郁与焦虑，2011年。© 2011 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients show heightened fear responses to trauma reminders and an inability to inhibit fear in the presence of safety reminders. Brain imaging studies suggest that this is in part due to amygdala over-reactivity as well as deficient top-down cortical inhibition of the amygdala. Consistent with these findings, previous studies, using fear-potentiated startle (FPS), have shown exaggerated startle and deficits in fear inhibition in PTSD participants. However, many PTSD studies using the skin conductance response (SCR) report no group differences in fear acquisition. Method: The study included 41 participants with PTSD and 70 without PTSD. The fear conditioning session included a reinforced conditioned stimulus (CS+, danger cue) paired with an aversive airblast, and a nonreinforced conditioned stimulus (CS−, safety cue). Acoustic startle responses and SCR were acquired during the presentation of each CS. Results: The results showed that fear conditioned responses were captured in both the FPS and SCR measures. Furthermore, PTSD participants had higher FPS to the danger cue and safety cue compared to trauma controls. However, SCR did not differ between groups. Finally, we found that FPS to the danger cue predicted re-experiencing symptoms, whereas FPS to the safety cue predicted hyper-arousal symptoms. However, SCR did not contribute to PTSD symptom variance. Conclusions: Replicating earlier studies, we showed increased FPS in PTSD participants. However, although SCR was a good measure of differential conditioning, it did not differentiate between PTSD groups. These data suggest that FPS may be a useful tool for translational research. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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