Strength of selection on the Trpc2 gene predicts accessory olfactory bulb form in bat vomeronasal evolution

Strength of selection on the Trpc2 gene predicts accessory olfactory bulb form in bat vomeronasal evolution
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Trpc2基因的选择强度预测蝙蝠犁鼻进化中的副嗅球形状

DOI:
10.1093/biolinnean/bly015
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Dávalos, Liliana M
Dávalos, Liliana M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yohe, Laurel R;Dávalos, Liliana M

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退化特征在整个生命树中是常见的,但形成表型损失的潜在进化过程却知之甚少。哺乳动物的犁鼻系统能够探测到对健康很重要的社会化学信号,这是一个感觉系统多次丢失的令人印象深刻的例子。据推测,蝙蝠的损失是其他哺乳动物的三倍。我们描述了与犁鼻功能紧密相关的基因(Trpc2)的氨基酸替换与辅助嗅球之间的关系,辅助嗅球是处理检测这些犁鼻化学线索的大脑区域。通过应用系统发育逻辑回归,我们发现在trpc2基因树中代表密码子变化率的分支长度与附属嗅球的存在或不存在之间存在强烈的负相关。较长的分支长度预示着附属嗅球的丢失,这表明整个系统的选择已经放松。基于这一关系,我们预测了19种形态未知的蝙蝠缺少副嗅球。一些预计会消失的物种有专门的头骨形态,这表明在头骨形状的适应和犁鼻系统的维持之间存在潜在的权衡。本研究为在宏观进化尺度上研究遗传机制和表型提供了一种新的途径。
Vestigial characters are common across the tree of life, but the underlying evolutionary processes shaping phenotypic loss are poorly understood. The mammalian vomeronasal system, which detects social chemical cues important to fitness, is an impressive example of a sensory system lost multiple times. Three times more losses are inferred among bats than in other mammalian orders. We characterized the relationship between amino acid substitutions in a gene tightly linked to vomeronasal function (Trpc2) and the accessory olfactory bulb, a brain region that processes the detection of these vomeronasal chemical cues. By applying a phylogenetic logistic regression, we found a strong negative relationship between the branch lengths representing rates of codon changes in theTrpc2gene tree and the presence or absence of an accessory olfactory bulb. Longer branch lengths predict loss of the accessory olfactory bulb, suggesting selection has relaxed on the system as a whole. Based on this relationship, we predicted the absence of an accessory olfactory bulb in 19 bat species with unknown morphology. Several species with predicted losses have specialized skull morphology, suggesting a potential tradeoff between adaptation in skull shape and maintenance of the vomeronasal system. This study offers a new approach to relate genetic mechanisms and phenotypes at a macroevolutionary scale.
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