Abstract sequential task control is facilitated by practice and embedded motor sequences.
Abstract sequential task control is facilitated by practice and embedded motor sequences.
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0001004
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Desrochers TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trach JE;McKim TH;Desrochers TM
每天的任务序列，比如做饭，包含总目标（完成一顿饭），子目标（准备蔬菜）和运动动作（切菜）。这些任务通常被认为是分层的，因为上级（如目标）会影响下级（如子目标和运动动作）的表现。然而，对于这种自上而下的单向影响是否“严格”存在争议，并且不清楚实践是否以及如何影响上级的表现。为了研究这些问题，我们使用一个抽象的或非运动的任务序列范式，在目标和运动动作水平上操纵练习序列。在三个实验中，参与者执行由简单任务（如颜色/形状判断）组成的记忆抽象任务序列，其中一些包含嵌入的运动反应序列。我们发现练习有助于抽象任务序列和从属任务的绩效和降低控制成本。抽象任务序列目标与子目标之间存在严格关系，子目标与运动反应水平之间存在非严格关系。在某些条件下，运动反应水平对抽象任务序列水平的影响并不严格。此外，在学习后操纵运动序列的存在或不存在表明，这些影响不是由实践产生的综合表征的结果。这些实验为任务序列的混合层次模型提供了证据，并深入了解了练习和运动加工在日常生活中有效执行任务序列中的不同作用。
Everyday task sequences, such as cooking, contain overarching goals (completing the meal), sub-goals (prepare vegetables), and motor actions (chopping). Such tasks generally are considered hierarchical because superordinate levels (e.g., goals) affect performance at subordinate levels (e.g., sub-goals and motor actions). However, there is debate as to whether this hierarchy is “strict” with unidirectional, top-down influences, and it is unknown if and how practice affects performance at the superordinate levels. To investigate these questions, we manipulated practice with sequences at the goal and motor action levels using an abstract, or non-motor, task sequence paradigm. In three experiments, participants performed memorized abstract task sequences composed of simple tasks (e.g., color/shape judgements), where some contained embedded motor response sequences. We found that practice facilitated performance and reduced control costs for abstract task sequences and subordinate tasks. The interrelation was different between the hierarchical levels, demonstrating a strict relationship between abstract task sequence goals and sub-goals and a non-strict relationship between sub-goal and motor response levels. Under some conditions, the motor response level influenced the abstract task sequence level in a non-strict manner. Further, manipulating the presence or absence of a motor sequence after learning indicated that these effects were not the result of an integrated representation produced by practice. These experiments provide evidence for a mixed hierarchical model of task sequences and insight into the distinct roles of practice and motor processing in efficiently executing task sequences in daily life.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Rowe, J. B.;Hughes, L.;Nimmo-Smith, I.
通讯作者：
Nimmo-Smith, I.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Desrochers TM;Chatham CH;Badre D
通讯作者：
Badre D
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1922166117
发表时间：
2020-05-12
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kikumoto, Atsushi;Mayr, Ulrich
通讯作者：
Mayr, Ulrich
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Schmidtke, V;Heuer, H
通讯作者：
Heuer, H
影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Draheim, Christopher;Hicks, Kenny L.;Engle, Randall W.
通讯作者：
Engle, Randall W.