Not all seabird species can overcome marine threats when predator removal at their colonies is prioritised

Not all seabird species can overcome marine threats when predator removal at their colonies is prioritised
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当优先考虑清除栖息地的捕食者时,并非所有海鸟物种都能克服海洋威胁

DOI:
10.1101/770263
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Borrelle S
Borrelle S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Borrelle S

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海鸟在全球范围内受到威胁。面对多重威胁,了解减轻一种威胁的保护策略如何与其他威胁交叉影响种群生存能力是至关重要的。包括污染、气候变化和渔业在内的海洋威胁可能会破坏海鸟种群的增长,这是由于艰苦的捕食者消灭努力造成的。然而,这种潜在的负面影响还有待评估。我们测试了来自海洋威胁的死亡是否会破坏全球37个岛屿上的17种海鸟种群的持续恢复,这些岛屿上的捕食者已经被移除。我们使用人口统计学模型来估计渔业、塑料摄入和气候变化造成的潜在成人死亡率。在我们调查的82%的物种中,海洋威胁不会阻碍捕食者灭绝后的恢复。然而,对于Calonectris diomedea, C. borealis和ardenna carneipes这三种物种的六个种群,来自多种海洋威胁的死亡可能会中断它们的恢复。结合我们的人口统计学方法和比较系统发育方法,我们利用81种海鸟的扩展数据集,探讨了觅食生态位、范围和形态特征是否与海洋威胁的脆弱性有关。我们的分析表明,由于多种威胁,表面过滤和追求潜水的物种以及海洋分布较小的物种最容易受到减少的影响。然而,在没有捕食者的情况下,这些特征并不一定能预测物种对海洋威胁的脆弱性,这表明共同特征可能无助于推断对多种海洋威胁的脆弱性。面对日益加剧的海洋环境压力,消灭后监测以确定物种在消灭捕食者后是否需要额外的保护管理是必不可少的。
Seabirds are globally threatened. In the face of multiple threats, it is critical to understand how conservation strategies that mitigate one threat intersect with others to impact population viability. Marine threats, including pollution, climate change, and fisheries could derail gains to seabird populations resulting from arduous predator eradication efforts. However, this potentially negative effect is yet to be evaluated. We test whether mortality from marine threats can subvert the on-going recovery of 17 seabird species from 37 colonies on islands worldwide where predators were removed. We use demographic modelling to estimate potential adult mortality from fisheries, plastic ingestion, and climate change. For 82% of the species we examine, marine threats do not impede recovery following predator eradication. However, for six colonies of three species,Calonectris diomedea, C. borealis, andArdenna carneipes, mortality from multiple marine threats may interrupt their recovery. Combining our demographic approach with comparative phylogenetic methods, we explore whether foraging niche, range, and morphometric traits inform the vulnerability to marine threats using an expanded dataset of 81 seabird species. Our analyses reveal surface filtering and pursuit diving species, and species with smaller at-sea distributions to be most vulnerable to declines due to multiple threats. However, these traits do not necessarily predict species’ vulnerability to marine threats in the absence of predators at nesting colonies, suggesting that shared traits may not be useful to infer vulnerability to multiple marine threats. Post-eradication monitoring to determine whether species require additional conservation management following predator eradication are essential in the face of intensifying pressures in the marine environment.
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