Which moral exemplars inspire prosociality?
Which moral exemplars inspire prosociality?
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DOI：
10.1080/09515089.2022.2035343
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Meindl, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Hyemin;Workman, Clifford, I;May, Joshua;Scholtens, Payton;Dawson, Kelsie J.;Glenn, Andrea L.;Meindl, Peter
一些道德榜样的故事激励我们效仿他们令人钦佩的态度和行为，但为什么有些榜样比其他人更能激励我们呢？我们系统地研究了模仿的动机如何受到读者和榜样在社会或文化背景（相关性）之间的相似性的影响，以及榜样的行为对个人的代价或要求有多大（可达性）。研究1发现，与几十年前的著名道德榜样相比，大学生在阅读关于最近校友善行的真实故事后报告了更多的灵感和相关感受。研究2A开发了一组简短的道德榜样故事，更系统地改变了相关性和可达性，沿着一组非道德榜样故事进行比较。研究2B和2C通过感知的可达性和相关性以及提升和愉快性，研究了从故事类型到相对低风险利他主义（捐赠给慈善机构和志愿者意图）的路径。总之，我们的研究表明，激发更多亲社会动机的主要是道德榜样的相关性，而不是他们行为的可获得性，至少在以相对较低的代价帮助他人的行为方面。
Some stories of moral exemplars motivate us to emulate their admirable attitudes and behaviors, but why do some exemplars motivate us more than others? We systematically studied how motivation to emulate is influenced by the similarity between a reader and an exemplar in social or cultural background (Relatability) and how personally costly or demanding the exemplar’s actions are (Attainability). Study 1 found that university students reported more inspiration and related feelings after reading true stories about the good deeds of a recent fellow alum, compared to a famous moral exemplar from decades past. Study 2A developed a battery of short moral exemplar stories that more systematically varied Relatability and Attainability, along with a set of non-moral exemplar stories for comparison. Studies 2B and 2C examined the path from the story type to relatively low stakes altruism (donating to charity and intentions to volunteer) through perceived attainability and relatability, as well as elevation and pleasantness. Together, our studies suggest that it is primarily the relatability of the moral exemplars, not the attainability of their actions, that inspires more prosocial motivation, at least regarding acts that help others at a relatively low cost to oneself.
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