GTF3A mutations predispose to herpes simplex encephalitis by disrupting biogenesis of the host-derived RIG-I ligand RNA5SP141.

GTF3A mutations predispose to herpes simplex encephalitis by disrupting biogenesis of the host-derived RIG-I ligand RNA5SP141.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4531
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发表时间:
2022-11-25
期刊:
影响因子:
24.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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单纯疱疹病毒 1 (HSV-1) 感染全球数十亿人,并可能在某些患者中引发危及生命的单纯疱疹脑炎 (HSE)。在 HSE 患者中已发现 I 型干扰素系统成分的单基因缺陷,强调了先天性免疫缺陷在 HSE 发病机制中的作用。在这里,我们在患有普通变异性免疫缺陷(CVID)和 HSE 的患者中鉴定出编码转录因子 IIIA(TFIIIA)(RNA 聚合酶 III 复合物的一个组成部分)的基因 GTF3A 中的复合杂合功能丧失突变。患者成纤维细胞和 GTF3A 基因编辑细胞表现出 HSV-1 诱导的先天免疫反应受损和 HSV-1 复制增强。 ChIP-seq 分析鉴定出 5S 核糖体 RNA 假基因 141 (RNA5SP141)(RNA 传感器 RIG-I 的内源配体)是 TFIIIA 的转录靶标。 GTF3A 突变细胞在 HSV-1 感染后表现出 RNA5SP141 表达减少并消除 RIG-I 激活。我们的工作揭示了 TFIIIA 在细胞 RIG-I 激动剂转录调节中的关键作用,并表明 GTF3A 遗传缺陷会导致细胞固有的抗 HSV-1 反应受损,并可能导致 HSE。 GTF3A 突变通过消除内源 RIG-I 配体 RNA5SP141 的转录来损害 HSV-1 控制。
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects several billion people worldwide and can cause life threatening herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in some patients. Monogenic defects in components of the type I interferon system have been identified in HSE patients, emphasizing the role of inborn errors of immunity underlying HSE pathogenesis. Here, we identify compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene GTF3A encoding for transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), a component of the RNA polymerase III complex, in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and HSE. Patient fibroblasts and GTF3A gene-edited cells displayed impaired HSV-1-induced innate immune responses and enhanced HSV-1 replication. ChIP-seq analysis identified the 5S ribosomal RNA pseudogene 141 (RNA5SP141), an endogenous ligand of the RNA sensor RIG-I, as a transcriptional target of TFIIIA. GTF3A mutant cells exhibited diminished RNA5SP141 expression and abrogated RIG-I activation upon HSV-1 infection. Our work unveils a crucial role for TFIIIA in transcriptional regulation of a cellular RIG-I agonist and shows that GTF3A genetic defects lead to impaired cell-intrinsic anti-HSV-1 responses and can predispose to HSE. GTF3A mutations impair HSV-1 control by abrogating transcription of the endogenous RIG-I ligand RNA5SP141.
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