Pesticide exposure and cortical brain activation among farmworkers in Costa Rica.
Pesticide exposure and cortical brain activation among farmworkers in Costa Rica.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.004
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sagiv, Sharon K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mora, Ana M.;Baker, Joseph M.;Hyland, Carly;Rodriguez-Zamora, Maria G.;Rojas-Valverde, Daniel;Winkler, Mirko S.;Staudacher, Philipp;Palzes, Vanessa A.;Gutierrez-Vargas, Randall;Lindh, Christian;Reiss, Allan L.;Eskenazi, Brenda;Fuhrimann, Samuel;Sagiv, Sharon K.
以前的流行病学研究报告了农药暴露与认知功能差和行为问题的关联。然而，这些发现主要依赖于神经心理学评估。关于农药暴露的神经生物学影响，特别是农药在大脑中发挥作用的地方，以及大脑中的补偿机制是否可能掩盖了纯粹依赖于神经心理学措施的研究中与农药相关的关联，仍然存在问题。2016年，我们对来自哥斯达黎加扎尔塞罗县的48名农场工人进行了功能性神经影像学研究。我们测量了两次研究访视（间隔约3-5周）期间采集的尿样中13种杀虫剂、杀真菌剂或除草剂代谢物或母体化合物的浓度。我们使用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）评估了工作记忆、注意力和认知灵活性任务期间前额叶皮层的皮质脑激活。我们估计农药暴露与皮质脑激活的多变量线性回归模型调整年龄和教育水平。我们发现，较高浓度的杀虫剂代谢物与工作记忆任务中前额叶皮层的激活减少有关。例如，3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCPy;有机磷毒死蜱的代谢物）与左背外侧前额叶皮层的激活减少有关（β = −2.3; 95%CI：TCPy每增加一倍-3.9，-0.7）。类似地，3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA;拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢物）与背外侧前额叶皮层的双侧激活减少相关（β = −3.1; 95% CI：−5.0，−1.2和−2.3; 95% CI：-4.5，-0.2，左、右皮层的3-PBA每增加一倍）。在注意力和认知灵活性任务中，这些关联是相似的，尽管较弱。我们观察到在三个任务期间，杀菌剂和除草剂生物标志物浓度与皮质脑激活的零关联。我们的研究结果表明，有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂可能会影响前额叶皮层的大脑皮层激活-神经动力学可能是先前报道的与认知和行为功能相关的基础。此外，我们的研究表明，fNIRS在流行病学现场研究的可行性和实用性。
Previous epidemiological studies have reported associations of pesticide exposure with poor cognitive function and behavioral problems. However, these findings have relied primarily on neuropsychological assessments. Questions remain about the neurobiological effects of pesticide exposure, specifically where in the brain pesticides exert their effects and whether compensatory mechanisms in the brain may have masked pesticide-related associations in studies that relied purely on neuropsychological measures. We conducted a functional neuroimaging study in 48 farmworkers from Zarcero County, Costa Rica, in 2016. We measured concentrations of 13 insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide metabolites or parent compounds in urine samples collected during two study visits (approximately 3–5 weeks apart). We assessed cortical brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during tasks of working memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We estimated associations of pesticide exposure with cortical brain activation using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age and education level. We found that higher concentrations of insecticide metabolites were associated with reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. For example, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy; a metabolite of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos) was associated with reduced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (β = −2.3; 95% CI: −3.9, −0.7 per two-fold increase in TCPy). Similarly, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA; a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides) was associated with bilateral reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (β = −3.1; 95% CI: −5.0, −1.2 and −2.3; 95% CI: −4.5, −0.2 per two-fold increase in 3-PBA for left and right cortices, respectively). These associations were similar, though weaker, for the attention and cognitive flexibility tasks. We observed null associations of fungicide and herbicide biomarker concentrations with cortical brain activation during the three tasks that were administered. Our findings suggest that organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides may impact cortical brain activation in the prefrontal cortex – neural dynamics that could potentially underlie previously reported associations with cognitive and behavioral function. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of fNIRS in epidemiological field studies.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Gunier RB;Bradman A;Harley KG;Kogut K;Eskenazi B
通讯作者：
Eskenazi B
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Deziel NC;Freeman LE;Graubard BI;Jones RR;Hoppin JA;Thomas K;Hines CJ;Blair A;Sandler DP;Chen H;Lubin JH;Andreotti G;Alavanja MC;Friesen MC
通讯作者：
Friesen MC
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bruno JL;Baker JM;Gundran A;Harbott LK;Stuart Z;Piccirilli AM;Hosseini SMH;Gerdes JC;Reiss AL
通讯作者：
Reiss AL
DOI：
10.1016/j.jchas.2008.07.001
发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Barr, Dana B.
通讯作者：
Barr, Dana B.