The regulation and biosynthesis of antimycins.

The regulation and biosynthesis of antimycins.
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DOI:
10.3762/bjoc.9.290
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发表时间:
2013-11-19
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Hutchings MI
Hutchings MI
中科院分区:
化学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seipke RF;Hutchings MI

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Antimycins(>40个成员)在近65年前被发现,但2011年编码Antimyins生物合成的基因簇的发现促进了对这一不寻常的生物合成途径的理解的快速进展。抗霉素A作为一种杀鱼剂广泛应用于鲶鱼养殖业,对昆虫、线虫和真菌也有很强的杀灭活性。抗霉菌素的作用方式是抑制电子传递链上的细胞色素c还原酶,停止呼吸。然而,最近,抗霉素A作为线粒体抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2和Bclxl的有效和选择性抑制剂而引起了人们的关注。值得注意的是,这种抑制作用不依赖于抗菌素的主要作用方式,因此一种名为2-甲氧基抗菌素A的人工衍生物抑制Bclxl,但不抑制呼吸。Bcl2/Bclxl家族蛋白在对诱导化疗药物耐药的癌细胞中过度产生,因此抗霉素类药物作为抗癌药物与现有化疗药物联合使用具有很大的潜力。在这里,我们综述了关于抗菌素的已知情况,ANT基因簇的调节以及不寻常的生物合成途径。
Antimycins (>40 members) were discovered nearly 65 years ago but the discovery of the gene cluster encoding antimycin biosynthesis in 2011 has facilitated rapid progress in understanding the unusual biosynthetic pathway. Antimycin A is widely used as a piscicide in the catfish farming industry and also has potent killing activity against insects, nematodes and fungi. The mode of action of antimycins is to inhibit cytochrome c reductase in the electron transport chain and halt respiration. However, more recently, antimycin A has attracted attention as a potent and selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Remarkably, this inhibition is independent of the main mode of action of antimycins such that an artificial derivative named 2-methoxyantimycin A inhibits Bcl-xL but does not inhibit respiration. The Bcl-2/Bcl-xL family of proteins are over-produced in cancer cells that are resistant to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapy agents, so antimycins have great potential as anticancer drugs used in combination with existing chemotherapeutics. Here we review what is known about antimycins, the regulation of the ant gene cluster and the unusual biosynthetic pathway.
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