Fighting force and experience combine to determine contest success in a warlike mammal.
Fighting force and experience combine to determine contest success in a warlike mammal.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2119176119
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发表时间：
2022-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
群体间冲突被认为是社会进化的主要影响因素。了解群体间竞争如何对群体生活施加选择，需要确定群体及其成员的哪些属性推动了竞争的成功。我们分析了19个月的野生带状猫鼬群体间战斗的数据，以解开决定胜利的因素。两个因素，组中男性的数量和年龄最大的“资深”男性的年龄，对胜利的概率影响最大。年长的雄性可能是一个好处，因为它们有不成比例的战斗经验。和人类社会一样，在群体间的暴力竞争中，数量上的优势和关键个体的存在对成功至关重要，也许会影响个体生活史和社会行为的选择。社会群体之间的冲突或“群体间竞争”在人类和一些非人类动物社会的合作和社会组织的进化中发挥了重要作用。对于人类来说，在战争和其他集体冲突中的成功取决于战斗团体的规模和关键个人的存在和行动，例如领导者或护身符战士。了解其他好战动物群体间竞争成功的决定因素可能有助于揭示这些竞争在社会进化中的作用。利用一种特别暴力的群居哺乳动物——斑獴（Mungos mungo）的群体间遭遇数据，我们发现两个因素，成年雄性的数量和最年长雄性（“年长”雄性）的年龄，对群体胜利的概率有最大的影响。年长雄性的优势似乎源于它们的战斗经验。然而，老年男性的激励作用随着年龄的增长而减弱，直到到了高龄，老年男性成为一种负担，而不是一种资产，并可能被驱逐。就像在人类冲突中一样，在这个动物社会中，数量的优势和关键个体的经验共同决定了群体间竞争的成功。我们讨论了群体间竞争产生的选择如何解释个体生活史和社会组织的一系列特征，包括男性驱逐、性别分类异体抚育和成人性别比。
Intergroup conflict has been proposed as a major influence in social evolution. Understanding how intergroup contests exert selection on group living requires determining what properties of groups and their members drive contest success. We analyzed 19 y of data on intergroup fighting in wild banded mongooses to disentangle the factors that determine victory. Two factors, the number of males in the group and the age of the oldest “senior” male, most strongly influence the probability of victory. Senior males may be a benefit because of their disproportionate fighting experience. As in human societies, strength in numbers and the presence of key individuals are critical for success in violent intergroup contests, perhaps influencing selection on individual life history and social behavior. Conflicts between social groups or “intergroup contests” are proposed to play a major role in the evolution of cooperation and social organization in humans and some nonhuman animal societies. In humans, success in warfare and other collective conflicts depends on both fighting group size and the presence and actions of key individuals, such as leaders or talismanic warriors. Understanding the determinants of intergroup contest success in other warlike animals may help to reveal the role of these contests in social evolution. Using 19 y of data on intergroup encounters in a particularly violent social mammal, the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), we show that two factors, the number of adult males and the age of the oldest male (the “senior” male), have the strongest impacts on the probability of group victory. The advantage conferred by senior males appears to stem from their fighting experience. However, the galvanizing effect of senior males declines as they grow old until, at very advanced ages, senior males become a liability rather than an asset and can be evicted. As in human conflict, strength in numbers and the experience of key individuals combine to determine intergroup contest success in this animal society. We discuss how selection arising from intergroup contests may explain a suite of features of individual life history and social organization, including male eviction, sex-assortative alloparental care, and adult sex ratio.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Briffa M
通讯作者：
Briffa M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2011142118
发表时间：
2021-03-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dyble, Mark
通讯作者：
Dyble, Mark
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chapman SN;Lahdenperä M;Pettay JE;Lynch RF;Lummaa V
通讯作者：
Lummaa V
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cassidy, Kira A.;MacNulty, Daniel R.;Mech, L. David
通讯作者：
Mech, L. David
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Chelliah, Karpagam;Sukumar, Raman
通讯作者：
Sukumar, Raman