Microrobotic navigable entities for Magnetic Resonance Targeting.
Microrobotic navigable entities for Magnetic Resonance Targeting.
复制标题
用于磁共振靶向的微型机器人可导航实体。
DOI：
10.1109/iembs.2010.5627768
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martel,Sylvain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martel,Sylvain
磁共振靶向(MRT)使用MRI收集跟踪数据，以确定微小实体的位置，目的是引导它们指向通过血管网络可访问的体内特定目标。在功能齐全的情况下，设计用于治疗人类的MRT平台将由运行特殊算法的临床MRI扫描仪组成，并进行升级，以提供高达约400mT/m的推进梯度，使直径小至数十微米的包含磁性纳米颗粒(MNP)的实体能够根据跟踪信息在血管分叉处进行操纵。事实上，使用临床核磁共振系统，我们证明了这种直径小至15μm的单一实体可以在梯度回波扫描中检测到。在许多可能的干预措施中，靶向癌症治疗是这种新的微机器人方法的良好初始应用，因为可以减少对患者的二次毒性，同时以较低的剂量提高治疗效果。虽然需要许多类型的此类实体来提供更大的工具集，但这里仅简要描述了为不同类型的癌症设计的具有不同功能的三种初始类型。第一种类型称为治疗性磁性微载体，最初是为肝脏肿瘤的靶向化疗栓塞术而设计的，目前的形式是含有治疗药物的~50μm PLGA微粒和~180 nm FeCo MNP。对于第二种类型，MNP不仅用于推进和跟踪，而且还用于基于局部温度升高的驱动。在其最简单的形式中，它由~20 nm MNP嵌入称为PNIPA的温敏水凝胶中，允许附加功能，如计算机触发的药物释放和靶向热疗。第三类最初被认为是针对大肠肿瘤，由1-2μm的MR可跟踪和可控制的MC-1趋磁细菌组成，每个细胞由两束鞭毛束提供推进力，超过4pN。
Magnetic Resonance Targeting (MRT) uses MRI for gathering tracking data to determine the position of microscale entities with the goal of guiding them towards a specific target in the body accessible through the vascular network. At full capabilities, a MRT platform designed to treat a human would consist of a clinical MRI scanner running special algorithms and upgraded to provide propulsion gradient up to approximately 400mT/m to enable entities as small as a few tens of micrometers in diameter and containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to be steered at vessel bifurcations based on tracking information. Indeed, using a clinical MRI system, we showed that such single entity with a diameter as small as 15μm is detectable in gradient-echo scans. Among many potential interventions, targeted cancer therapy is a good initial application for such new microrobotic approach since secondary toxicity for the patient could be reduced while increasing therapeutic efficacy using lower dosages. Although many types of such entities are needed to provide a larger set of tools, here, only three initial types designed with different functionalities and for different types of cancer are briefly described. Initially designed for targeted chemo-embolization of liver tumors, the first type known as Therapeutic Magnetic Micro-Carriers (TMMC) consists in its present form of ~50 μm PLGA microparticles containing therapeutics and ~180 nm FeCo MNP. For the second type, MNP are not only used for propulsion and tracking, but also actuation based on a local elevation of the temperature. In its simplest form, it consists of ~20 nm MNP embedded in a thermo-sensitive hydrogel known as PNIPA, allowing additional functionalities such as computer triggered drug release and targeted hyperthermia. The third type initially considered to target colorectal tumors, consists of 1-2 μm MR-trackable and controllable MC-1 Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) with propelling thrust force provided by two flagella bundles per cell exceeding 4 pN.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Price, RR
通讯作者：
Price, RR
DOI：
10.1088/0960-1317/20/11/115018
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Watson, B.;Friend, J.;Yeo, L.
通讯作者：
Yeo, L.