(Too) optimistic about optimism: the belief that optimism improves performance.

(Too) optimistic about optimism: the belief that optimism improves performance.
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对乐观主义(太)乐观:相信乐观主义可以提高绩效。

DOI:
10.1037/pspa0000018
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
7.6
通讯作者:
D. Moore
D. Moore
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elizabeth R. Tenney;J. Logg;D. Moore

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一系列实验调查了为什么人们看重乐观,以及他们这样做是否正确。在实验1A和1B中,参与者为执行决策的人开出的乐观主义处方比为深思熟虑的人开出的更多,这表明当乐观主义可以影响绩效时,人们会有选择地开出乐观主义药方。此外,参与者认为,当一个人的行为对结果有相当大的影响,而不是影响很小时,乐观会改善结果(实验2)。实验3和实验4测试了这一信念的准确性;乐观主义提高了毅力,但并没有像参与者预期的那样提高表现。实验5A和5B发现,参与者高估了乐观和表现之间的关系,即使他们的注意力并不完全集中在乐观上。总而言之,当人们相信乐观主义有机会提高成功的几率时,他们就会开出乐观的药方--不幸的是,人们可能对乐观主义能起到多大作用过于乐观。
A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person's actions had considerable, rather than little, influence over the outcome (Experiment 2). Experiments 3 and 4 tested the accuracy of this belief; optimism improved persistence, but it did not improve performance as much as participants expected. Experiments 5A and 5B found that participants overestimated the relationship between optimism and performance even when their focus was not on optimism exclusively. In summary, people prescribe optimism when they believe it has the opportunity to improve the chance of success-unfortunately, people may be overly optimistic about just how much optimism can do.
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.218
发表时间: 2006-08-01
影响因子: 7.6
作者:
Pronin, Emily;Wegner, Daniel M.;Rodriguez, Sylvia
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发表时间: 1995-08
影响因子: 7.6
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