Spatially optimized distribution of household rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems
Spatially optimized distribution of household rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems
复制标题
家庭雨水收集和灰水回收系统的空间优化分布
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127736
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Mo, Weiwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stang, Shannon;Khalkhali, Masoumeh;Petrik, Marek;Palace, Michael;Lu, Zhongming;Mo, Weiwei
家庭分散式供水系统，包括雨水收集和灰水回收，经常被吹捧为提高集中式市政系统可持续性和弹性的一种手段。这项研究的重点是生命周期节能、消费者成本节约以及分散式家庭雨水收集 (RWH) 和灰水回收 (GWR) 系统采用的需求满足百分比（当它们针对生命周期成本或节能进行优化时）的空间分布。波士顿市被用作本研究中应用建模框架的试验台。我们为 RWH 和 GWR 系统开发了动态模型，以使用 Python 模拟 30 年时间范围内的日常水和能源使用情况以及节省情况。使用布伦特方法计算了波士顿每栋住宅建筑的 RWH 和 GWR 系统的成本和能源最佳规模。家庭特征，如距集中工厂的距离、租户数量和屋顶尺寸，要么直接通过波士顿 GIS 数据获得，要么根据现有数据进行近似。总体而言，在整个波士顿，GWR 系统的性能普遍优于 RWH 系统。通过安装成本或能源优化的 GWR 系统，平均生命周期成本可节省 909-948 美元/年，平均生命周期能源可节省 586-622 兆焦/年。从成本和能源角度来看，中部城市地区通常有利于 RWH 和 GWR 系统的采用。可以通过该领域的基础设施改造工作提供激励措施，以促进去中心化系统的采用。另一方面，南部郊区一般最适合安装RWH系统，而市中心及其周边地区一般最适合推广GWR系统。当考虑到雨水管理时，市中心地区还可以受益于 RWH 和 GWR 组合系统以及与当地公园或其他灌溉需求较大的建筑物的共享系统。
Household decentralized water systems, including rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling, are often touted as a means to improve the sustainability and resiliency of centralized municipal systems. This research is focused on the spatial distributions of life cycle energy savings, consumer cost savings, and percent demand met of decentralized, household rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater recycling (GWR) system adoptions when they are being optimized for either life cycle cost or energy savings. The city of Boston was used as a testbed for applying the modeling framework in this study. A dynamic model was developed for both RWH and GWR systems to simulate daily water and energy usages and savings over a 30-year time frame using Python. The cost and energy optimal sizes of the RWH and GWR systems for each residential building in Boston were calculated using the Brent's method. Household characteristics such as distance from the centralized plants, number of tenants, and roof size were either directly obtained through Boston GIS data or approximated based upon existing data. Overall, GWR systems were found to perform generally better than RWH systems across the entire Boston. An average life cycle cost saving of $909–948/year and an average life cycle energy saving of 586–622 MJ/year can be achieved via installing cost- or energy-optimized GWR systems. The middle city area is generally good for both RWH and GWR system adoptions from both cost and energy perspectives. Incentives might be provided to foster decentralized system adoptions with infrastructure renovation efforts in this area. On the other hand, the southern sub-urban areas are generally the most suitable for installing RWH systems, while the downtown and its surrounding areas are generally the most suitable for promoting GWR systems. When taking stormwater management into consideration, the downtown area can also benefit from combined RWH and GWR systems as well as shared systems with local parks or other buildings with larger irrigation demands.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
11.1
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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