Identifying the neural loci mediating conscious object orientation perception using fMRI MVPA.
Identifying the neural loci mediating conscious object orientation perception using fMRI MVPA.
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DOI：
10.1080/02643294.2022.2040973
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Xu, Yaoda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, JohnMark;Xu, Yaoda
Vannuscorps等人（2021）提出了一套全面的精心设计的行为实验，以表征一名年轻女子（“大卫”）在物体定向感知方面的独特神经心理缺陷。具体来说，当呈现由具有中等到高对比度的尖锐边缘定义的2D形状时，Davida报告看到90和180旋转，以及镜像反转，相同形状的版本。相比之下，当显示3D形状或由低对比度模糊边缘定义的2D形状时，与年龄匹配的对照参与者相比，DavidaLs的表现是完整的。Vannuscorps等人的理论认为，DavidaLs的缺陷是由于未能将来自小细胞视觉通路中优先处理的线索的中间形状中心表征（ISCR）从视网膜坐标映射到更高级别的空间坐标或身体中心坐标，这些坐标是有意识感知和行动的基础。他们进一步提出，中层腹侧流区域，如LO 1/2（猴子的V4 d），可能在视网膜位置坐标中编码这些ISCR，然后将其转换为下游腹侧和背侧流区域中的空间位置或体中心坐标。多个空间参考框架的表征与灵长类动物的后顶叶皮层（PPC）最显著相关。在神经心理学研究中，对人PPC的损伤与空间忽视有关，其可以相对于视网膜定位、身体中心或空间定位参考系发生（Halligan等人，2003年）。在猕猴中，不同空间参照系的表征与顶内沟内不同亚区的神经元有关（科尔比和戈德堡，1999）。视觉信息从早期视区视网膜位置坐标到其他参考框架的再表征与PPC在视觉信息处理的适应性和动态方面起重要作用的观点一致，即来自腹侧视皮层的输入被转换以促进任务执行和与外部世界的有效交互（Xu，2018 a & 2018 b;另见Vaziri-Pashkam & Xu，2017）。而以前的研究已经链接到PPC的多个空间参考框架的表示，Vannuscorps等人。（2021）表明它可能更早地发生在人脑中紧邻LO下游的区域，如V3 A/V3 B和IPS 0。这些大脑区域先前已经与3D空间的表示相关联（例如，Georgieva等人，2009），多达四个对象位置的跟踪，以及视觉分组（Bettencourt & Xu，2016 a; Xu & Chun，2006，2007 & 2009）。将大卫的行为缺陷和空间参考框架的转换与这个一般大脑区域联系起来的可能性提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，可以帮助我们更好地了解这个区域在视觉感知中可能发挥的精确功能。Vannuscorps等人假设，DavidaLs对具有尖锐边缘的2D形状的方向的处理在皮层处理的早期是完整的，并且当这些形状的视网膜位置坐标被重新映射到更高级别的空间位置坐标或身体中心坐标时，她的方向感知缺陷发生。然而，这一假设还没有被直接测试，它仍然有可能，方向处理缺陷可能已经发生了更早的这些形状在皮层处理。
Vannuscorps et al.(2021) present a comprehensive set of carefully designed behavioural experiments to characterize a young womanLs (“DavidaLs”) unique neuropsychological deficit in object orientation perception. Specifically, when presented with 2D shapes defined by sharp edges with medium to high contrast, Davida reports seeing 90 and 180 rotated, and mirror-reversed, versions of the same shapes. By contrast, when shown 3D shapes or 2D shapes defined by blurred edges with low contrast, DavidaLs performance is intact compared to agematched control participants. Vannuscorps et al. theorize that DavidaLs deficit arises from a failure to map intermediate shape-centered representations (ISCRs) derived from cues preferentially processed in the parvocellular visual pathway from retinotopic coordinates to the higher-level spatiotopic or bodycentered coordinates that undergird conscious perception and action. They further propose that midlevel ventral stream regions such as LO1/2 (V4d in monkeys) may encode these ISCRs in retinotopic coordinates before they are transformed into spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates in downstream ventral and dorsal stream regions. Representations of multiple spatial reference frames have been most prominently associated with the primate posterior parietal cortex (PPC). In neuropsychological studies, damage to the human PPC has been linked to spatial neglect, which can occur with respect to retinotopic, body-centered, or spatiotopic reference frames (Halligan et al., 2003). In macaques, representations of different spatial reference frames have been linked to neurones in different subregions within the intraparietal sulcus (Colby & Goldberg, 1999). The re-representation of visual information from retinotopic coordinates in early visual areas to other reference frames is consistent with the idea that PPC plays an important role in the adaptive and dynamic aspect of visual information processing, whereby input from the ventral visual cortex is transformed to facilitate task performance and efficient interaction with the external world (Xu, 2018a & 2018b; see also Vaziri-Pashkam & Xu, 2017). Whereas previous studies have linked the representation of multiple spatial reference frames to PPC, Vannuscorps et al.(2021) suggest that it could occur earlier in regions immediately downstream from LO in the human brain, such as in V3A/V3B and IPS0. These brain regions have previously been linked to the representation of 3D space (eg, Georgieva et al., 2009), the tracking of up to four object locations, and visual grouping (Bettencourt & Xu, 2016a; Xu & Chun, 2006, 2007 & 2009). The possibility of linking DavidaLs behavioural deficit and the transformation of spatial reference frames to this general brain region presents an exciting opportunity that could help us better understand the precise function this region may play in visual perception. Vannuscorps et al. presume that DavidaLs processing of the orientations of 2D shapes with sharp edges is intact early in cortical processing, and that her orientation perception deficit occurs when the retinotopic coordinates of these shapes are remapped onto higher-level spatiotopic or body-centered coordinates. However, this assumption has not been directly tested and it remains possible that orientation processing deficits could have occurred much earlier for these shapes during cortical processing.
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