Use of Twitter in disaster rescue: lessons learned from Hurricane Harvey

Use of Twitter in disaster rescue: lessons learned from Hurricane Harvey
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在灾难救援中使用 Twitter:从飓风哈维中吸取的教训

DOI:
10.1080/17538947.2020.1729879
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Wang, Kejin
Wang, Kejin
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mihunov, Volodymyr V.;Lam, Nina S.;Zou, Lei;Wang, Zheye;Wang, Kejin

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尽管社交媒体在灾难事件中的作用日益突出,但分析其在救援行动中的使用情况的研究仍然很少。2017年,飓风哈维以前所未有的降雨和洪水袭击了德克萨斯州,其特点是广泛使用社交媒体发出救援请求。我们对休斯顿和周边社区195名在哈维期间请求救援的推特用户进行了调查。目的是调查我们的目标群体的社会经济和洪水暴露特征,报告Twitter的有效性,并突出总结经验教训和提出建议,以便在未来的救援任务中使用Twitter。调查显示,在推特上请求救援的人受过更好的教育,有工作(80%),有房(81%)。他们中的大多数人被洪水淹没(87%),但仍然对目前的位置感到满意,没有考虑搬家。与使用Twitter相比,打电话给亲友进行救援的反应最快,提供帮助的比率也更高。我们的受访者认为Twitter很有帮助,但也发现了一些问题,比如不知道志愿者什么时候收到他们的请求,也不知道他们是否会发送帮助。他们建议推广接受紧急请求的Twitter账户和标签。这项研究为急救人员、社区管理人员和复原力从业者提供了基线信息和可操作的建议,以改进未来的救援任务。
Despite the increasingly prominent role of social media in disaster events, studies analyzing its use in rescue operations remain scanty. Hurricane Harvey hit Texas with unprecedented rainfall and flooding in 2017 and was marked by widespread use of social media for rescue requests. We conducted a survey of 195 Twitter users in Houston and surrounding communities who had requested for rescue during Harvey. The objective was to investigate our targeted group's socioeconomic and flood exposure characteristics, report the effectiveness of Twitter, and highlight lessons learnt and suggestions made for its use in future rescue missions. Survey revealed that those requesting rescue on Twitter were better educated, employed (80%), and homeowners (81%). Majority of them were flooded (87%), but remained satisfied with current location and did not consider moving. Calling relatives and friends for rescue was most responsive and yielded higher assistance-provided rate than using Twitter. Our respondents found Twitter helpful, but identified issues such as not knowing when volunteers received their requests or whether they would send help. They suggested promoting Twitter accounts and hashtags that accept emergency requests. This study provides baseline information and actionable suggestions for first responders, community managers, and resilience practitioners to improve future rescue missions.
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