Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate

Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate
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云——气候变化中南大洋上空的成核粒子

DOI:
10.1029/2020ef001673
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Earth's Future
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Humphries, Ruhi S.
Humphries, Ruhi S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Twohy, Cynthia H.;DeMott, Paul J.;Russell, Lynn M.;Toohey, Darin W.;Rainwater, Bryan;Geiss, Roy;Sanchez, Kevin J.;Lewis, Savannah;Roberts, Gregory C.;Humphries, Ruhi S.

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南大洋上空的层积云比北方大洋上空类似温度的云有更少的水滴,更有可能存在于主要的过冷阶段。一个可能的原因是,该地区几乎没有大陆和人为来源的云成核颗粒,这些颗粒可以形成水滴和冰。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个概述的气溶胶粒子类型在南大洋,包括新的测量下,在这一地区的云。这些测量和其他测量表明,直径>0.1 μm的生物硫基颗粒贡献了夏季云凝结核数浓度的大部分。冰成核颗粒往往具有更多的有机成分,可能来自海喷雾。这两种类型的云成核粒子可能会增加在气候变暖可能有更少的海冰,更多的浮游植物活动,并在南极洲附近的南大洋强风。总的来说,南大洋上空的云层可能会变得更具反射性,并部分抵消该地区由于海冰减少而预期的降雨量减少。然而,由于该地区海洋-云-气候反馈的复杂性,需要进行详细的建模研究来验证这一假设。
Stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean have fewer droplets and are more likely to exist in the predominately supercooled phase than clouds at similar temperatures over northern oceans. One likely reason is that this region has few continental and anthropogenic sources of cloud‐nucleating particles that can form droplets and ice. In this work, we present an overview of aerosol particle types over the Southern Ocean, including new measurements made below, in and above clouds in this region. These measurements and others indicate that biogenic sulfur‐based particles >0.1 μm diameter contribute the majority of cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations in summer. Ice nucleating particles tend to have more organic components, likely from sea‐spray. Both types of cloud nucleating particles may increase in a warming climate likely to have less sea ice, more phytoplankton activity, and stronger winds over the Southern Ocean near Antarctica. Taken together, clouds over the Southern Ocean may become more reflective and partially counter the region's expected albedo decrease due to diminishing sea ice. However, detailed modeling studies are needed to test this hypothesis due to the complexity of ocean‐cloud‐climate feedbacks in the region.
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