The inner ear of the lungfish Protopterus.
The inner ear of the lungfish Protopterus.
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肺鱼 Protopterus 的内耳。
DOI：
10.1002/cne.20038
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Popper,ArthurN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Platt,Christopher;Jorgensen,JorgenM;Popper,ArthurN
用扫描电镜和透射电镜对原鳍肺鱼内耳感觉末端器官进行了观察。椭圆囊具有脊椎动物典型的结构和毛细胞取向模式，尽管毛细胞异常大。椭圆囊有典型的三个半规管，具有典型的毛细胞方向，但侧管感觉嵴看起来像一些两栖动物和两栖动物的“半嵴”，壶腹的一个壁上缺乏马鞍形的喇叭。不像大多数脊椎动物有球囊和壶腹作为两个独立的囊腹的椭圆囊，肺鱼有一个单一的大腹袋，包含一个单一的大糊状耳锥质量。包块内有两个毛细胞斑，每一个都像一个有明显毛细胞纤毛束的条纹，推测代表囊状斑和泡状斑。然而，这两个主要的感觉斑并不是完全分开的斑，因为它们位于较小毛细胞的密度较低的区域内，形成了一个围绕并填充两个毛细胞密度较高的纹状体之间的区域的纹状体外区域。更尾部的lagenar striola是一个垂直拉长的条纹与毛细胞方向向量面临反平行的中线两侧画垂直沿着黄斑，类似于一些硬骨鱼的黄斑lagena，但不是四足动物。更靠近嘴侧的囊状纹是一条弯曲的带状物，毛细胞的方向矢量背离其中线，但由于黄斑是三维弯曲的，因此该纹的嘴侧端的矢量是向内侧的，而该纹的尾侧端的矢量是向背腹的。在后半规管附近证实存在一个由几十个毛细胞组成的微小的单个斑块，所有的细胞方向都指向尾部。所有三个耳石器官的条纹状区域细胞上的纤毛束平均超过80根纤毛，远远超过迄今为止研究的任何其他鱼类。在其他现存的肺鱼属Lepidosiren和Neoceratodus的标本中也观察到了原鳍鱼的单个囊状囊袋和单独的条纹状区域、耳石器官中的细胞取向以及大细胞和纤毛束的特征。J. Comp.神经元471：277-288，2004.© 2004 Wiley利斯公司
The sensory end organs of the inner ear of the lungfish,Protopterus, were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The utricle has a structure and hair cell orientation pattern that are typical for vertebrates, although the hair cells are unusually large. There are the typical three semicircular canals extending from the utricle, with the typical hair cell orientations, but the lateral canal sensory crista looks like the “hemicrista” of some amphibians and amniotes, lacking a saddle‐shaped flare on one wall of the ampulla. Unlike most vertebrates that have the saccule and lagena as two separate pouches ventral to the utricle, the lungfish has a single large ventral pouch that contains a single large pasty otoconial mass. This mass covers two hair cell patches, each like a striola with prominent hair cell ciliary bundles, that are presumed to represent saccular and lagenar maculae. However, these two major sensory patches are not completely separate maculae because they lie within a less densely populated field of smaller hair cells, which forms an extrastriolar region that surrounds and fills the region between the two striolae of higher hair cell density. The more caudal lagenar striola is a vertically elongated stripe with hair cell orientation vectors facing antiparallel on either side of a midline drawn vertically along the macula, resembling the macula lagena of some bony fishes but not of tetrapods. The more rostral saccular striola is a curving band with hair cell orientation vectors facing away from its midline, but because this macula curves in three dimensions, the vectors at the rostral end of this striola are oriented mediolaterally, whereas the vectors on the caudal half of this striola are oriented dorsoventrally. The presence of a macula neglecta was confirmed near the posterior canal as a tiny single patch of a few dozen hair cells with all the cell orientations directed caudally. The ciliary bundles on the cells in the striolar‐like regions of all of three otolithic organs average over 80 cilia, a number far greater than for any other fish studied to date. The features of the single sacculolagenar pouch with separate striolar‐like regions, the cellular orientation in the otolith organs, and the large cells and ciliary bundles inProtopterusalso were observed in specimens of the other extant lungfish genera,LepidosirenandNeoceratodus. J. Comp. Neurol. 471:277–288, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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