Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction
Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction
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气候变化考虑是深海资源开采管理的基础
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15223
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Harden‐Davies, Harriet R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levin, Lisa A.;Wei, Chih‐Lin;Dunn, Daniel C.;Amon, Diva J.;Ashford, Oliver S.;Cheung, William W. L.;Colaço, Ana;Dominguez‐Carrió, Carlos;Escobar, Elva G.;Harden‐Davies, Harriet R.
气候变化在海洋中的表现，通过变暖，氧气损失，增加酸化和改变颗粒有机碳通量（改变食物供应的一个指标），预计将影响大多数深海生态系统，同时增加直接人类干扰。气候驱动因素将改变深海生物多样性和相关的生态系统服务，并可能与资源开采活动甚至气候地球工程的干扰相互作用。我们建议，为了确保有效管理对深海日益增加的利用（例如，对于海底捕捞、石油和天然气开采以及深海海底采矿而言，环境管理和制定法规必须考虑到气候变化。战略规划、影响评估和监测、空间管理、预防方法的应用以及开采活动的全成本核算都应包含气候意识。在水中和海底应用的气候和生物耦合建模方法可以帮助实现这一目标。例如，地球系统模型对海底气候变化参数的预测显示，在深海海底采矿目标区域，预测的气候危险和出现时间（超出自然变异）存在异质性。将联合收割机气候引起的海洋环流变化与粒子跟踪相结合的模型预测了气候变化下早期生命阶段（幼虫）的运输变化。栖息地适宜性模型可以帮助评估改变幼虫扩散的后果，预测气候避难所，并确定气候变化下多个物种的脆弱地区。让深层观测界参与进来可以支持必要的数据提供，将气候纳入环境管理计划的制定工作。为了说明这一方法，我们重点讨论深海海底采矿和国际海底管理局，该管理局的任务包括监管国际沃茨中所有与矿物有关的活动，保护海洋环境免受采矿的有害影响。然而，在联合国可持续发展目标下实现深海可持续性需要将气候考虑纳入所有政策部门。
Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep‐seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full‐cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections of climate‐change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep‐seabed mining. Models that combine climate‐induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep‐seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral‐related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep‐ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1804250115
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
O. Sulpis;B. Boudreau;A. Mucci;Chris Jenkins;D. Trossman;B. Arbic;R. Key
通讯作者：
O. Sulpis;B. Boudreau;A. Mucci;Chris Jenkins;D. Trossman;B. Arbic;R. Key
东太平洋低颗粒有机碳通量区域深海海底碳短期循环中细菌的关键作用
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
A. Sweetman;C. Smith;C. Shulse;Brianne M. Maillot;Markus V. Lindh;M. Church;K. Meyer;D. Oevelen;Tanja Stratmann;A. Gooday
通讯作者：
A. Gooday
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Cheung, William W. L.;Jones, Miranda C.;Frolicher, Thomas L.
通讯作者：
Frolicher, Thomas L.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Daniel O. B. Jones;Jennifer M. Durden;K. Murphy;K. Gjerde;A. Gebicka;A. Colaço;T. Morato;D. Cuvelier;D. Billett
通讯作者：
D. Billett
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Brito-Morales, Isaac;Schoeman, David S.;Richardson, Anthony J.
通讯作者：
Richardson, Anthony J.