Implicit and explicit mechanisms of word learning in a narrative context: an event-related potential study.
Implicit and explicit mechanisms of word learning in a narrative context: an event-related potential study.
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00013
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Neville H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batterink L;Neville H
绝大多数单词的意义都是通过从上下文中提取出来的，而不是通过死记硬背或明确的指令来学习的。虽然这种技能是显着的，很少有人知道有关的大脑机制。在本研究中，ERP被记录为参与者阅读故事，其中假词被多次呈现，嵌入在一致的，有意义的上下文（称为意义条件，M+）或不一致的，无意义的上下文（M-）。词汇学习，然后评估隐式使用词汇决策任务和明确通过回忆和识别任务。总的来说，在故事阅读过程中，M−词比M+词引起更大的N400，这表明参与者在整个故事中能够更好地语义整合M+词而不是M−词。此外，M+字，其含义随后被正确地识别和召回引起了更积极的ERP在较晚的时间窗口相比，M+字的含义被错误地记住，一致的想法，后期积极成分（LPC）是一个指数的编码过程。在词汇判断任务中，没有发现内隐启动的行为或电生理证据的M+字。相比之下，在外显再认任务中，M+词表现出强大的N400效应。N400效应依赖于识别性能，因此只有正确识别的M+单词才会引发N400。这种结果模式提供了证据，表明单词含义的显式表征可以迅速发展，而隐式表征可能需要更广泛的接触或更多的时间才能出现。
The vast majority of word meanings are learned simply by extracting them from context, rather than by rote memorization or explicit instruction. Although this skill is remarkable, little is known about the brain mechanisms involved. In the present study, ERPs were recorded as participants read stories in which pseudowords were presented multiple times, embedded in consistent, meaningful contexts (referred to as meaning condition, M+) or inconsistent, meaningless contexts (M−). Word learning was then assessed implicitly using a lexical decision task and explicitly through recall and recognition tasks. Overall, during story reading, M− words elicited a larger N400 than M+ words, suggesting that participants were better able to semantically integrate M+ words than M− words throughout the story. In addition, M+ words whose meanings were subsequently correctly recognized and recalled elicited a more positive ERP in a later time-window compared to M+ words whose meanings were incorrectly remembered, consistent with the idea that the late positive component (LPC) is an index of encoding processes. In the lexical decision task, no behavioral or electrophysiological evidence for implicit priming was found for M+ words. In contrast, during the explicit recognition task, M+ words showed a robust N400 effect. The N400 effect was dependent upon recognition performance, such that only correctly recognized M+ words elicited an N400. This pattern of results provides evidence that the explicit representations of word meanings can develop rapidly, while implicit representations may require more extensive exposure or more time to emerge.
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.11.3.501
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
GRAF, P;SCHACTER, DL
通讯作者：
SCHACTER, DL
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
BENTIN, S;PELED, BS
通讯作者：
PELED, BS
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2009.0111
发表时间：
2009-12-27
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Davis MH;Gaskell MG
通讯作者：
Gaskell MG
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
CHWILLA, DJ;BROWN, CM;HAGOORT, P
通讯作者：
HAGOORT, P
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.13.1.45
发表时间：
1987-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
GRAF, P;SCHACTER, DL
通讯作者：
SCHACTER, DL