Genomic Degeneration and Reduction in the Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium shottsii.
Genomic Degeneration and Reduction in the Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium shottsii.
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DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.01158-21
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发表时间：
2022-06-29
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Quinn, F. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gauthier, D. T.;Doss, J. H.;LaGatta, M.;Gupta, T.;Karls, R. K.;Quinn, F. D.
肖氏分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium shottsii）是一种发育不良、无色素的分枝杆菌，最初分离自美国切萨皮克湾的患病条纹鲈鱼（Morone saxatilis）。基因组分析表明，M. shottsii是溃疡分枝杆菌/海洋分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium ulcers/Mycobacterium marinum clade，MuMC）的成员，但与表面相似的M. pseudoshottsii，也分离自条纹鲈鱼，它不是M. ulcerans ecovar，而不是属于所提出的"Aronson"和"M"谱系的基础菌株的过渡组。虽然在遗传学上与人类病原体M. ulcerans、M. Shottsii基因组显示出平行但非同源的基因组退化，包括大量假基因的积累，伴随着独特插入序列（ISMysh01，ISMysh03）的增殖，大规模缺失，以及相对于典型M. marinum strains.结合其生态学特征和显色性的丧失，M. shottsii表明向专性致病性状态进化，如对其它分枝杆菌属所观察到的，包括m. ulcerans、M. tuberculosis和M.麻风病人条纹鲈鱼（Morone saxatilis）是美国东海岸一种重要的生态和经济鱼类。肖氏分枝杆菌和假肖氏分枝杆菌最初在21世纪初被描述为该物种内脏和皮肤分枝杆菌病爆发的新物种。生化和遗传特征将这些菌种归入溃疡分枝杆菌/M。marinum clade（MuMC）和M. pseudoshottsii被认为是M.溃疡。在这里，我们描述了M的完整基因组。shottsii，证明它显然不是M.然而，它已经经历了平行的基因组修饰，暗示了向专性致病性的转变。就像M。ulcerans、M. Shottsii基因组显示了由插入序列增殖以及基因组重组驱动的广泛的假基因形成。本工作阐明了M. shottsii相对于其他MuMC成员，并提供了深入了解其基因组结构的过程。
Mycobacterium shottsii is a dysgonic, nonpigmented mycobacterium originally isolated from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Genomic analysis reveals that M. shottsii is a Mycobacterium ulcerans/Mycobacterium marinum clade (MuMC) member, but unlike the superficially similar M. pseudoshottsii, also isolated from striped bass, it is not an M. ulcerans ecovar, instead belonging to a transitional group of strains basal to proposed “Aronson” and “M” lineages. Although phylogenetically distinct from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome shows parallel but nonhomologous genomic degeneration, including massive accumulation of pseudogenes accompanied by proliferation of unique insertion sequences (ISMysh01, ISMysh03), large-scale deletions, and genomic reorganization relative to typical M. marinum strains. Coupled with its observed ecological characteristics and loss of chromogenicity, the genomic structure of M. shottsii is suggestive of evolution toward a state of obligate pathogenicity, as observed for other Mycobacterium spp., including M. ulcerans, M. tuberculosis, and M. leprae. IMPORTANCE Morone saxatilis (striped bass) is an ecologically and economically important finfish species on the United States east coast. Mycobacterium shottsii and Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii were originally described in the early 2000s as novel species from outbreaks of visceral and dermal mycobacteriosis in this species. Biochemical and genetic characterization place these species within the Mycobacterium ulcerans/M. marinum clade (MuMC), and M. pseudoshottsii has been proposed as an ecovar of M. ulcerans. Here, we describe the complete genome of M. shottsii, demonstrating that it is clearly not an M. ulcerans ecovar; however, it has undergone parallel genomic modification suggestive of a transition to obligate pathogenicity. As in M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome demonstrates widespread pseudogene formation driven by proliferation of insertion sequences, as well as genomic reorganization. This work clarifies the phylogenetic position of M. shottsii relative to other MuMC members and provides insight into processes shaping its genomic structure.
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