The genetics of sex chromosomes: evolution and implications for hybrid incompatibility.

The genetics of sex chromosomes: evolution and implications for hybrid incompatibility.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06748.x
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发表时间:
2012-05
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Lachance J
Lachance J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson NA;Lachance J

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异形性染色体(一种性别具有两种不同类型的性染色体)面临着与常染色体截然不同的进化后果。性染色体的两个重要特征源于仅存在于一种性别中的拷贝:剂量补偿和性染色体减数分裂沉默。其他差异的出现是因为性染色体在每个性别中花费的时间不同。因此,进化过程(突变、选择、遗传漂变和减数分裂驱动)的影响在每条性染色体之间以及性染色体和常染色体之间存在很大差异。性染色体在霍尔丹规则和与杂种不相容性以及物种形成相关的其他重要模式中也发挥着不成比例的作用。我们回顾了性染色体对杂交不相容性的影响。贯穿本次综述的一个主题是,表观遗传过程,特别是与染色质相关的过程,对于性染色体的进化和杂交不相容性的进化可能比以前认识到的更为重要。
Heteromorphic sex chromosomes, where one sex has two different types of sex chromosomes, face very different evolutionary consequences than do the autosomes. Two important features of sex chromosomes arise from being present in only copy in one of the sexes: dosage compensation and the meiotic silencing of sex chromosomes. Other differences arise because sex chromosomes spend unequal amounts of time in each sex. Thus, the impact of evolutionary processes (mutation, selection, genetic drift, and meiotic drive) differs substantially between each sex chromosome, and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Sex chromosomes also play a disproportionate role in Haldane’s rule and other important patterns related to hybrid incompatibility, and thus speciation. We review the consequences of sex chromosomes on hybrid incompatibility. A theme running through this review is that epigenetic processes, notably those related to chromatin, may be more important to the evolution of sex chromosomes and the evolution of hybrid incompatibility than previously recognized.
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