A reduction in malaria transmission intensity in Northern Ghana after 7 years of indoor residual spraying.
A reduction in malaria transmission intensity in Northern Ghana after 7 years of indoor residual spraying.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-017-1971-0
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发表时间：
2017-08-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Boakye DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coleman S;Dadzie SK;Seyoum A;Yihdego Y;Mumba P;Dengela D;Ricks P;George K;Fornadel C;Szumlas D;Psychas P;Williams J;Appawu MA;Boakye DA
加纳北方地区正在实施室内滞留喷洒，作为预防疟疾的方法之一。对主要疟疾病媒的寿命、子孢子和昆虫接种率的变化进行了监测，以评估室内滞留喷洒在选定地区的影响。2009年7月至2014年12月期间，使用每月人类登陆捕获量（HLC）从三个相邻地区的哨点收集蚊子：2008年至2014年实施IRS的Savelugu南顿（SND）; 2008年至2012年实施IRS的Tolon Kumbungu（TKD）和无IRS历史的Tamale大都会（TML）。蚊子形态学鉴定的物种水平和兄弟物种，使用PCR。广义冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae sensu lato（s.l.）检查产次和传染性。EIR是根据疟疾媒介的叮咬率和感染率计算的。安的平价率。冈比亚公司SND从2011年的44.8%显著下降（p < 0.0001）至2014年的28.1%，TKD从2011年的53.3%显著下降至2012年的46.6%（p = 0.001）。TKD停用IRS后2年，经产安氏按蚊比例明显高于对照组。冈比亚公司2014年显著增加至68.5%（p < 0.0001）。在整个研究期间，未喷洒地区的均等率一直很高，2011年为68.6%，2014年为72.3%。在该地区喷洒氯氰菊酯的3年期间，SND IRS季节（7月至12月）后每月EIR的总和在2.1至6.3次感染性叮咬/人/季节（ib/p/s）之间。2013年和2014年，当杀虫剂改用甲基嘧啶磷CS时，SND中的EIR降至无法检测的水平。IRS从TKD撤出两年后，每月EIR总和（7月至12月）从2012年的41.8 ib/p/s增加到2014年的154.4 ib/p/s，增加了约四倍。控制区TML的EIR范围从2009年的35 ib/p/s到2014年的104.71 ib/p/s。这项研究表明，在加纳北方IRS项目区，IRS的应用确实对疟疾传播的昆虫学指标产生了重大影响。在IRS从Tolon Kumbungu县撤出后，传播指标有所增加。
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is being implemented as one of the malaria prevention methods in the Northern Region of Ghana. Changes in longevity, sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) of major malaria vectors were monitored to assess the impact of IRS in selected districts. Monthly human landing catches (HLCs) were used to collect mosquitoes from sentinel sites in three adjacent districts between July 2009 and December 2014: Savelugu Nanton (SND) where IRS had been implemented from 2008 to 2014; Tolon Kumbungu (TKD) where IRS had been implemented between 2008 and 2012 and Tamale Metropolis (TML) with no history of IRS. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species level and into sibling species, using PCR. Samples of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were examined for parity and infectivity. EIR was calculated from biting and infectivity rates of malaria vectors. Parity rates of An. gambiae s.l. decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) in SND from 44.8% in 2011 to 28.1% by 2014, and in TKD from 53.3% in 2011 to 46.6% in 2012 (p = 0.001). However 2 years after IRS was discontinued in TKD, the proportion of parous An. gambiae s.l. increased significantly to 68.5% in 2014 (p < 0.0001). Parity rates in the unsprayed district remained high throughout the study period, ranging between 68.6% in 2011 and 72.3% in 2014. The sum of monthly EIRs post-IRS season (July–December) in SND ranged between 2.1 and 6.3 infective bites/person/season (ib/p/s) during the 3 years that the district was sprayed with alphacypermethrin. EIR in SND was reduced to undetectable levels when the insecticide was switched to pirimiphos methyl CS in 2013 and 2014. Two years after IRS was withdrawn from TKD the sum of monthly EIRs (July–December) increased by about fourfold from 41.8 ib/p/s in 2012 to 154.4 ib/p/s in 2014. The EIR in the control area, TML, ranged between 35 ib/p/s in 2009 to 104.71 ib/p/s by 2014. This study demonstrates that IRS application did have a significant impact on entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the IRS project districts of Northern Ghana. Transmission indicators increased following the withdrawal of IRS from Tolon Kumbungu District.
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Kleinschmidt I