Agents’ goals affect construal of event endpoints

Agents’ goals affect construal of event endpoints
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代理的目标影响事件端点的解释

DOI:
10.1016/j.jml.2022.104373
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Papafragou, Anna
Papafragou, Anna
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mathis, Ariel;Papafragou, Anna

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事件认知理论假设事件的边界以变化为特征,包括主体目标的变化,但高阶目标信息在人们如何概念化事件中的作用目前还没有得到很好的理解。在一系列实验中,我们使用了一种新颖的方法来测试目标是否会影响观众如何确定事件何时结束。参与者阅读说明代理目标的上下文句子(例如,“杰西想吃橙子当早餐”、“杰西想用橙子作为装饰”)。然后,参与者看到部分完整视觉结果的图像(例如,部分剥皮的橙子),并被要求确定是否发生了事件(“她剥了橙子吗?”)。如果结果满足代理人的目标,参与者更有可能接受部分完整的结果(实验 1 和 2)。即使参与者看到与基本完整的视觉结果相对应的图像(例如,大部分剥皮的橙子;实验 3),这种目标效应仍然存在。我们的结果提供了第一个直接证据来支持这样的结论:高阶目标信息甚至会影响简单的物理事件的概念化方式。他们进一步表明,事件认知理论需要考虑人类大脑用来表示事件的丰富多样的信息源。
Theories of event cognition have hypothesized that the boundaries of events are characterized by change, including a change in the agent’s goal, but the role of higher-order goal information in how people conceptualize events is currently not well-understood. In a series of experiments, we used a novel method to test whether goals can affect how viewers determine when an event ends. Participants read a context sentence stating an agent’s goal (e.g., “Jesse wants to eat the orange for her breakfast”, “Jesse wants to use the orange as a garnish”). Participants then saw an image of a partly complete visual outcome (e.g., a partly peeled orange) and were asked to identify whether an event had occurred (“Did she peel the orange?”). Participants were more likely to accept a partly complete outcome if the outcome satisfied the agent’s goal (Experiments 1 and 2). This goal effect was present even when participants saw an image that corresponded to a mostly complete visual outcome (e.g., a mostly peeled orange; Experiment 3). Our results offer the first direct evidence in support of the conclusion that higher-order goal information affects the way even simple physical events are conceptualized. They further suggest that theories of event cognition need to account for the rich and varied informational sources used by the human mind to represent events.
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