Maximal modularity and the optimal size of parliaments.

Maximal modularity and the optimal size of parliaments.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-93639-1
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发表时间:
2021-07-14
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Vivo P
Vivo P
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gamberi L;Förster YP;Tzanis E;Annibale A;Vivo P

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代议制民主政体的一个重要问题是如何确定一个特定国家的最佳议会规模。根据一个被称为三次根定律的古老猜想,民选议会的规模与该国人口之间存在着相当普遍的幂定律关系,其指数等于1/3。现代欧洲国家的经验数据支持这种普遍性,但与一个更大的指数一致。在这项工作中,我们使用复杂网络理论中的工具来分析这一有趣的规律。我们将一个民主国家的人口建模为一个随机网络,它来自一个增长模型,其中每个节点都被分配了一个从一组可用的大小D中抽样的选区成员。我们解析地计算了人口的模块化,发现它与选区数量的函数关系是强非单调的,表现出一个依赖于人口大小的最大值。最大模数标准允许我们预测,代表的数量应该随着人口规模的增加而呈幂函数增长,这一发现得到了对真实世界数据的实证分析的定性证实。
An important question in representative democracies is how to determine the optimal parliament size of a given country. According to an old conjecture, known as the cubic root law, there is a fairly universal power-law relation, with an exponent equal to 1/3, between the size of an elected parliament and the country’s population. Empirical data in modern European countries support such universality but are consistent with a larger exponent. In this work, we analyse this intriguing regularity using tools from complex networks theory. We model the population of a democratic country as a random network, drawn from a growth model, where each node is assigned a constituency membership sampled from an available set of size D. We calculate analytically the modularity of the population and find that its functional relation with the number of constituencies is strongly non-monotonic, exhibiting a maximum that depends on the population size. The criterion of maximal modularity allows us to predict that the number of representatives should scale as a power-law in the size of the population, a finding that is qualitatively confirmed by the empirical analysis of real-world data.
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