Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities.
Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities.
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作者：
使用无损数字采集方法（例如计算机断层扫描 - CT）可以对骨骼材料的内部结构进行详细的定性和定量研究。在这里，我们提出了一种新的基于 R 的软件工具 Icex，适用于研究 3D 数字图像中骨骼腔和窝的大小和形状。传统的体积提取方法涉及对图像堆栈的每个部分上的感兴趣区域进行手动标记（即分割）。这对于复杂的型腔来说非常耗时、容易出错并且具有挑战性。 Icex 有助于快速量化此类结构。我们描述并详细描述了其在各种颅腔体积的隔离和计算中的应用。这里使用 R 工具根据用于定义其限制的 18 个颅骨解剖点的坐标，从通过分段 CT 扫描获得的 3D 颅表面网格自动提取眼眶体积、鼻旁窦、鼻腔和上口腔体积。 Icex 包含一种算法 (Icv)，用于通过定义提取空腔的 3D 凸包来计算体积。我们展示了 Icex 在现代人类个体发育样本（0-19 年）以及古人类颅骨 Kabwe（布罗肯山）1、直布罗陀（福布斯采石场）和 Guattari 1 化石上的应用。我们还在三种非人类灵长类动物身上测试了该工具。在现代人类子样本中，Icex 使我们能够对生长过程中颅窦的绝对和相对扩张以及气化进行初步分析。 Icex 应用于不同颅骨的性能显示了对中空颅骨结构的发育和/或进化意义进行广泛评估的潜力。此外，由于是开源的，Icex 是一个完全可定制的工具，可以轻松应用于其他分类群和骨骼区域。 Icex 是一种用于研究颅腔的新 R 工具。这里对其进行测试，以自动评估现代人类个体发育样本、三种古人类化石和三种非人类灵长类动物的不同颅腔的大小和形状。 Icex 的性能显示了对空心颅骨结构的发育和/或演化进行广泛研究的潜力。 Icex 基于 R 且开源，是一款完全可定制的工具，可轻松应用于其他类群和骨骼区域。
The use of non‐destructive approaches for digital acquisition (e.g. computerised tomography—CT) allows detailed qualitative and quantitative study of internal structures of skeletal material. Here, we present a new R‐based software tool, Icex, applicable to the study of the sizes and shapes of skeletal cavities and fossae in 3D digital images. Traditional methods of volume extraction involve the manual labelling (i.e. segmentation) of the areas of interest on each section of the image stack. This is time‐consuming, error‐prone and challenging to apply to complex cavities. Icex facilitates rapid quantification of such structures. We describe and detail its application to the isolation and calculation of volumes of various cranial cavities. The R tool is used here to automatically extract the orbital volumes, the paranasal sinuses, the nasal cavity and the upper oral volumes, based on the coordinates of 18 cranial anatomical points used to define their limits, from 3D cranial surface meshes obtained by segmenting CT scans. Icex includes an algorithm (Icv) for the calculation of volumes by defining a 3D convex hull of the extracted cavity. We demonstrate the use of Icex on an ontogenetic sample (0–19 years) of modern humans and on the fossil hominin crania Kabwe (Broken Hill) 1, Gibraltar (Forbes' Quarry) and Guattari 1. We also test the tool on three species of non‐human primates. In the modern human subsample, Icex allowed us to perform a preliminary analysis on the absolute and relative expansion of cranial sinuses and pneumatisations during growth. The performance of Icex, applied to diverse crania, shows the potential for an extensive evaluation of the developmental and/or evolutionary significance of hollow cranial structures. Furthermore, being open source, Icex is a fully customisable tool, easily applicable to other taxa and skeletal regions. Icex is a new R tool for the study of cranial cavities. It is tested here to automatically assess the size and shape of different cranial cavities on an ontogenetic sample of modern humans, three fossil hominins, and three species of non‐human primates. Icex's performance shows the potential for extensive study on the development and/or evolution of hollow cranial structures. Being R‐based and open source, Icex is a fully customisable tool, easily applicable to other taxa and skeletal regions.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bastir, Markus;Rosas, Antonio
通讯作者：
Rosas, Antonio
DOI：
10.1002/ar.20773
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Fatterpekar, Girish M.;Delaun, Bradley N.;Som, Peter M.
通讯作者：
Som, Peter M.
DOI：
10.1002/ar.22422
发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Coleman, Mark N.;Boyer, Doug M.
通讯作者：
Boyer, Doug M.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Caple, Jodi;Stephan, Carl N.
通讯作者：
Stephan, Carl N.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Antonio, Profico;Costantino, Buzi;Pasquale, Raia
通讯作者：
Pasquale, Raia